Data Management

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Nursing

Data Management

Data Management

Dr. Charrier,

Thank you for your response. Clearly prescribed data management procedures have several advantages, including increasing the productivity level of an organization. Good data management eases the employees’ work of finding and understanding information needed for a given task. A clearly prescribed data enhances a detailed conclusion on a study by allowing staff to easily validate the result (Engelhardt, 2017). In addition, good data management promotes the productivity of an organization by allowing the safe storage of information for future reference and easy retrieval. Effective data management renders an organization more cost-effective through the avoidance of unnecessary duplications. This ensures that employees never conduct the same research and analysis that was already done by other researchers. Finally, data management reduces the risk of data security. Properly managed data procedures prevent information from leaking to a third party (Engelhardt, 2017).

References

Engelhardt, M. A. (2017). Hitching healthcare to the chain: An introduction to blockchain technology in the healthcare sector. Technology Innovation Management Review, 7(10). https://timreview.ca/article/1111

Responsing to Shibin Joseph Post

Shibin,

Thank you for this informative post. I agree that in descriptive analysis, data analysis is used to give a meaningful summary of data, and a generalized statement on a population based on a smaller sample size can be created using inferential data. Descriptive analysis refers to statistically describing or presenting the hypotheses of interest or the associations between these thoughts. A basis of quantitative data analysis is always achieved when a descriptive analysis is used with simple graphic analysis. While descriptive analysis simply describes what is presented by the data, inferential statistics will try to reach a conclusion that extends past the immediate data. For example, an inferential analysis may be used when there is a need to infer from the data sample what the population might think and to make a judgment of the probability that an observed variable group is dependable or that might have occurred by coincidental (Loed, et al., 2017).

References

Loeb, S., Dynarski, S., McFarland, D., Morris, P., Reardon, S., & Reber, S. (2017). Descriptive Analysis in Education: A Guide for Researchers. NCEE 2017-4023. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED573325

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Question 

Directions: Complete the following required worksheet using the required article for the current session.

Name:

Date:

Data Management

Data Management

ARTICLE: Al Ma’mari, Q., Sharour, L. A., & Al Omari, O. (2020). Fatigue, burnout, work environment, workload and perceived patient safety culture among critical care nurses. British journal of nursing, 29(1), 28-34.

 Purpose of the Study: 

Patient safety is among the most critical health issues across the globe (WHO, 2016). While patient safety is viewed as a critical factor in healthcare delivery, there are very few studies, as noted by the authors, that have been done in developing countries. In Oman, where the study took place, there were very few studies involving critical care nurses that had been conducted and which demonstrated the link between hypothesized factors and patient safety. Thus, the researchers aimed at identifying the patient safety perceived predictors among critical care nurses. The participants were drawn from two hospitals in Muscat, the capital city of Oman. The study explored whether there is a link between critical care nurses’ work environment, burnout, workload, and fatigue, and perceived patient safety

Research & Design: 

A descriptive cross-sectional study is where factors that are potentially related are measured for a defined population and at a specific time. This kind of study can be viewed as a snapshot of the characteristics and frequency of a population’s condition at a specific point in time (Solem, 2015). The current study used a descriptive cross-sectional method in assessing the patient safety perceived predictors among critical care nurses that work in two hospitals in Oman.

Sample:

The participants for the study were drawn from two main government-owned hospitals in Muscat. The two hospitals were a teaching hospital- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) and the Royal Hospital. Initially, the number of nurses that were possible participants was 500, and these included all critical care nurses in the adult and pediatric ICUs, NICUs, post-cardiac surgery units, and coronary care units. However, the sample was large and needed to be reduced and remain representative without negatively impacting the final results. Hence, the researchers used Slovin’s formula to make an estimate of the required sample size (Tejada & Punzalan, 2012). The researchers also used a 95% confidence interval. The final number of participants was 222 though the survey was eventually circulated to 300 critical care nurses. The last step was done to mitigate attrition.

Data Collection:

The study used the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) (Sorra and Dyer, 2010) to evaluate staff in hospital settings’ patient safety views; the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) for evaluating the burnout experience of participants; Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) to assess the fatigue levels of staff; and the NASA task load index (NASA TLX) for measuring the subjective workload. Additionally, the researchers used the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PESNWI) to evaluate the work environment of the participants. The demographic data on the participants was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. The participants filled in their details, including gender, age, income, education level, hospital type, nationality, years of experience, and working hours per week.

Data Analysis:

The researchers used Pearson’s coefficient (r) in the identification of correlations between the individual independent variables-work environment, burnout, workload, and fatigue- and the overall patient safety perception, which was the dependent variable. The Pearson’s r is used in measuring a statistical association or relationship between two variables which are continuous and also provides information on the association’s magnitude as well as the relationship’s direction (Mukaka, 2012). In this study, the continuous single variable was the overall patient safety perception as the dependent variable, while the independent continuous variables were work environment, burnout, workload, and fatigue. SPSSv23 was used, and simple multiple regression analyses as well.

Limitations:

The study was cross-sectional, which constrained its ability to make an interpretation of the causal relationship between the collected data and study variables; this is because these were self-reported hence, possible bias may have influenced the responses. Therefore, it was impossible to make an evaluation of the causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Nonetheless, the researchers, sought to offer an initial understanding of the variables that made a prediction of the overall culture of patient safety perception among the participants. Additionally, the researchers pointed out that the cultural differences may have impacted the tools’ consistency. This is because the tools were initially created for the Western cultures, a culture that is different from that in Oman. These cultural context differences may have contributed to the differences as well as the lower values of internal consistency in the study for all the four independent variables.

Findings/Discussion:

The research showed that fatigue had a negative and detrimental effect on the overall patient safety perception by nurses. Also, the nurse workloads were shown not to be correlated with the overall patient safety perceptions. Further, the findings indicated a positive relationship between the work environment and the perception of nurses on the dependent variable. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization had negative correlations with the overall patient safety perceptions while personal accomplishment, which was the third burnout subscale, was positively correlated with patient safety overall perceptions. The researchers noted that it was critical for the study to identify the predictors of patient safety perceptions so as to offer insights to the hospitals and other healthcare facilities, on areas to focus on when putting up strategies for changing the nurses’ attitudes and improving patient safety.

Reading Research Literature:

It is important to read and understand literature because it gives a process description of how a research was conducted and how the conclusion was reached. It also allows for the reader to point out any weaknesses or robustness of the research. Additionally, by reading the article, the reader gets an idea of how to conduct a similar research or a different research using a similar research method. I have learned no matter how many mitigating steps are taken a research will always have a limitation or two. In this case, the researcher carefully chose the tools to use, but because of the cultural context differences, the results were affected.

References

Al Ma’mari, Q., Sharour, L. A., & Al Omari, O. (2020). Fatigue, burnout, work environment, workload and perceived patient safety culture among critical care nurses. British journal of nursing, 29(1), 28-34.

Mukaka, M. M. (2012). A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi medical journal, 24(3), 69-71.

Solem, R. C. (2015). Limitation of a cross-sectional study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 148(2), 205.

Sorra, J. S., & Dyer, N. (2010). Multilevel psychometric properties of the AHRQ hospital survey on patient safety culture. BMC health services research, 10(1), 1-13.

Tejada, J. J., & Punzalan, J. R. B. (2012). On the misuse of Slovin’s formula. The Philippine Statistician, 61(1), 129-136.

World Health Organization. Patient safety assessment manual. 2nd ed. 2016. www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/249569 (accessed 12 June 2021)

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Communication Strategies & HIPPA

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Nursing

Communication Strategies & HIPPA

Communication Strategies & HIPPA

Question 1

When it comes to interacting with patients and other members of the healthcare team, nurses at my healthcare institution are increasingly turning to a broad variety of devices and communication techniques. Smartphones, barcode readers, and tablets are a few instances of the communication technology that is available today (Martin et al., 2019). Those who use the aforementioned devices have a number of different alternatives accessible to them for communicating, some of which include sending an email, sending a text message, or making a phone call. When it comes to gaining access to medical records and receiving information on patient treatment, they are all very important players. On occasion, nursing therapies might be recorded with their help employing them.

The use of online technologies and clinical practice standards provides registered nurses with access to healthcare information. Through the use of integrated smart medical systems, they are also able to electronically place lab test orders, access patient data, and get lab test results. Electronic communication is seen as being effective, safe, and efficient within the framework of the medical field (Nussbaum et al., 2018). EHealth, which mostly refers to activities that are conducted over the web or the internet, is largely considered a tool that saves time by the majority of medical personnel, including registered nurses. The more effectively patients are able to communicate via technological means, the more content the patients may become.

Question 2

Confidentiality, integrity, and confidentiality of the patient are important for a variety of reasons. As a result of the healthcare facility’s HIPAA policy, sensitive patient information has always been protected. The policy considers privacy as an essential component of human well-being and something that is objectively valued. HIPAA regulations compel healthcare organizations to safeguard the patient data that is gathered in the clinical setting (Neame et al., 2020).

Therefore, the healthcare facility is expected to maintain the security of all patient information at all times. For example, physicians are prohibited by HIPAA’s confidentiality guidelines from releasing patient information that is revealed during treatment. The policy also prohibits the healthcare facility from releasing data that is either inadvertent or prohibited. Confidentiality policies often consider it a breach of privacy.

The organization’s HIPAA policy emphasizes security in addition to confidentiality restrictions. It obstructs unauthorized access to information from the outset. General data alteration and disclosure policies restrict outsiders from accessing or modifying any data. Instead, the policy encourages the use of automated data processing (Bui et al., 2020). In addition, the policy restricts the patient’s privacy by prohibiting the willful refusal of services. Third parties are barred from accessing some patient-based services. The healthcare system’s security and confidentiality are jeopardized if unauthorized outsiders gain entry.

In accordance with the organization’s HIPAA policy, the individual’s privacy and autonomy are protected. When it comes to the most sensitive patient information, such as a client’s psychological health and treatment, the organization’s policy often includes extensive health information recommendations to clinicians. Step-by-step instructions are frequently beneficial in giving appropriate parties access to or use of the patient’s personal information. In addition, the policy explains to users how to take legal action if they get illicit material. Measures to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the patient are critical in ensuring the patient’s safety against security breaches.

References

Bui, Q. A., Lee, W. B., Lee, J. S., Wu, H. L., & Liu, J. Y. (2020). Biometric-based key management for satisfying patients’ control over health information in the HIPAA regulations. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS), 14(1), 437- 454.

Martin, G., Ghafur, S., Cingolani, I., Symons, J., King, D., Arora, S., & Darzi, A. (2019). The effects and preventability of 2627 patient safety incidents related to health information technology failures: a retrospective analysis of 10 years of incident reporting in England and Wales. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(3), e127-e135.

Neame, M. T., Sefton, G., Roberts, M., Harkness, D., Sinha, I. P., & Hawcutt, D. B. (2020). Evaluating health information technologies: A systematic review of framework recommendations. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 142, 104247.

Nussbaum, S. R., Carter, M. J., Fife, C. E., DaVanzo, J., Haught, R., Nusgart, M., & Cartwright, (2018). An economic evaluation of the impact, cost, and medicare policy implications of chronic nonhealing wounds. Value in Health, 21(1), 27-32.

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Question 

What electronic communication strategies are used at your organization to communicate with patients?

Communication Strategies & HIPPA

Communication Strategies & HIPPA

Based on your organization’s HIPAA policy, how is patient privacy and confidentiality protected?

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Community Health

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Nursing

Community Health

Community Health

Even though the quality of health care in the United States has been improving over the years, several health disparities still exist. There are disparities in the prevalence of diabetes among different populations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more likely to affect individuals from minority populations. Minority populations make up 25% of the adults with diabetes mellitus in the US (Kahn et al., 2019). Asian Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, and African Americans are at a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Several measures have been put in place to reduce diabetes health disparities. For instance, the National Diabetes Prevention Program has been crucial in helping individuals with prediabetes delay or prevent type 2 diabetes. Different ethnic and racial minority groups have been enrolling in the program, thus helping reduce the prevalence of type diabetes among the populations. While working with a lifestyle coach, the participants of the program learn to cope with stress, be physically active, and make better food choices. These practices help in preventing the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Since the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Native Americans is 2 to 3 times that of whites, programs have been initiated to reduce the prevalence of diabetes in this population. The Native Diabetes Wellness Program is one of the programs that aims at preventing type 2 diabetes in Native Americans by honoring a balance between cultural practices and Western science in the Indian country (DeBruyn et al., 2020). The program promotes physical activity and healthy eating among children by developing a series of colorful books.

Moreover, national diabetes quality improvement initiatives have played a key role in reducing the disparities in the prevalence of diabetes. For instance, some of the deficiencies in health care have been addressed through the Diabetes Quality Improvement Project (DQIP). DQIP is a collaborative effort of health services organizations, insurance organizations, diabetes organizations, and diabetes health care providers. It allows the collaboration of different healthcare providers and organizations in preventing diabetes.

All in all, several measures have been put in place to address the health disparities in diabetes. By allowing individuals from minority groups to enroll in the program, the National Diabetes Prevention Program has played a key role in preventing type 2 diabetes. The Native Diabetes Wellness Program mainly targets the prevention of diabetes among Native Americans.

References

DeBruyn, L., Fullerton, L., Satterfield, D., & Frank, M. (2020). Integrating culture and history to promote health and help prevent type 2 diabetes in American Indian/alaska native communities: Traditional foods have become a way to talk about health. Preventing Chronic Disease, 17, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.190213

Kahn, H. S., Gregg, E. W., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Imperatore, G. (2019). Prevalence of Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016. Jama Network, 30341(24), 2389–2398. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.19365

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Question 

Community Health

Community Health

Examine Healthy People 2020 health promotion and disease prevention objectives. Identify a health disparity and research this topic; how is it being addressed at both the local and national level?

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Competencies Reflection

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Nursing

Competencies Reflection

Competencies Reflection

Identify ethical dilemmas encountered in professional nursing practice:

Nurses face many medical dilemmas in their nursing practice. Nurses must be guided by ethical principles to solve these dilemmas. This course has taught me that it is inevitable that a nurse will encounter ethical dilemmas in their daily practice. I have learned that to handle these challenging situations, I can rely on the ANA Nurses’ Code of Ethics to guide me in these challenging times. This course has taught me the importance of ensuring informed consent in nursing care. Informed consent ensures that the patients and their families have been given complete information to make an informed decision (Axson et al., 2017).

Describe the ethical theories and principles influencing healthcare decisions.

This course has enabled me to learn about the ethical theories which affect decision-making in healthcare. These theories include Kantian absolutism and moral relativism, among others (Amer, 2019). I have learned of the ethical principles affecting decision-making in healthcare. There are four such principles. Autonomy respects the patient’s ability to make informed consent concerning their treatment (Amer, 2019). The principle of beneficence ensures that the healthcare professional provides care intended to bring positive outcomes (Amer, 2019). The principle of nonmaleficence ensures that healthcare providers do not intentionally cause harm to patients (Amer, 2019). The final principle is justice, which ensures fairness and equity in treatment (Amer, 2019)

Explain the inter-dependency of genetics, genomics, and ethics in nursing care.

There are a lot of controversies surrounding the use of genomics in the modern. I have learned that these controversies have also spilled to the healthcare delivery industry. This competency has enabled me to learn of the ethical controversies that surround genetic data. An example is how genetic data for individuals with a risk of developing genetic information can be denied medical insurance. I learned of this when I completed the assignment that our instructor gave. I believe that it is the duty of the nurse to uphold the integrity of the patient’s genetic information to ensure there is fairness and equity when offering nursing care.

Describe the principles of genetics and genomics.

Genetics is essential to the human race. This course has given me the opportunity to research and understand more about genetics and genomics. Genetics is a topic that interests me a lot, and it is something that I may consider in my future career. There are four main principles in genetics. Dominance principle, the principle of paired factors, independent assortment law, and the law of segregation. The principle that intrigued me the most was the independent law of assortment. This law describes how genes separate from one another during the development of sex cells (Veller et al., 2019).

Differentiate the legal and professional policies influencing healthcare decisions.

Nursing is a science that cares for individuals. It must, however, operate within the confines of the law when providing holistic care to people. This course has enabled me to understand the different laws which govern the healthcare profession. The policies include the scopes of practice by the different nursing boards, ACA, HIPAA, HITECH, and abortion-related laws. This has taught me that there are legal ramifications for practicing outside the confines of the law. It is thus critical to have an understanding of the policies that govern the profession.

Design nursing care strategies that incorporate genetic and genomic risk factors

Nursing care must incorporate all risk factors when managing patients. This course has enabled me to learn that nurses can use genomics in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring treatment to ensure positive patient outcomes. Nurses can get generational information from patients to enable them to diagnose and treat patients. They can incorporate genomics into information technology to identify patients at risk of developing genetic conditions. Genomics is an essential part of healthcare, and I will incorporate genomics into nursing models to offer quality nursing care.

References

Amer, A. B. (2019). Understanding the ethical theories in medical practice. Open Journal of Nursing, 09(02), 188-193. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2019.92018

Axson, S. A., Giordano, N. A., Hermann, R. M., & Ulrich, C. M. (2017). Evaluating nurse understanding and participation in the informed consent process. Nursing Ethics, 26(4), 1050-1061. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733017740175

Veller, C., Kleckner, N., & Nowak, M. A. (2019). A rigorous measure of genome-wide genetic shuffling that takes into account crossover positions and Mendel’s second law. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(5), 1659-1668. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817482116

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Question 

Identify ethical dilemmas encountered in professional nursing practice.
Describe the ethical theories and principles influencing healthcare decisions.
Explain the interdependency of genetics, genomics, and ethics in nursing care.

Competencies Reflection

Competencies Reflection

Describe the principles of genetics and genomics.
Differentiate the legal and professional policies influencing healthcare decisions.
Design nursing care strategies that incorporate genetic and genomic risk factors.

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Cognitive Dissonance

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Nursing

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort, or disharmony, of your mind that is induced by two conflicting behaviors, attitude, opinion, and belief. (Cherry, 2020). Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance suggests that we all have a need to keep our attitudes and beliefs balanced and consistent to avoid unpleasant feelings of dissonance. An example of this is when you are thinking about doing something, but you have these conflicting thoughts, and you try to justify why you made this decision to do this, such as making a big purchase, traveling during this time, etc. Sometimes, this situation can cause anxiety or stress because you have multiple thoughts that conflict with each other.

When working in a car sales job, a caring salesperson would try to do what they can to reduce dissonance or buyer’s remorse. Doing this would create a long-lasting relationship and increase the chances of them becoming repeat customers. I believe that being honest and upfront with the customers can help decrease dissonance. When a buyer feels good and confident that they are purchasing the car they want and for a good price, they will have a low chance of dissonance occurring (Sharifi & Esfidani, 2014). I    recently was in the car buying search, and my husband and I went to multiple dealerships to see what was best for us. There were moments when we were at a dealership where we felt that the car salesman was trying too hard to create that relationship. When we finally found a car that we loved and was a complete upgrade from what we had before, we certainly didn’t think about having buyer’s remorse.

References

Festinger, L. (1961). The psychological effects of insufficient rewards. American Psychologist, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045112

Sharifi, S. S., & Esfidani, M. R. (2014). The impacts of relationship marketing on cognitive dissonance, satisfaction, and loyalty mediating the role of trust and cognitive

Dissonance. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(6), 553-575. doi:10.1108/IJRDM-05-2013-0109

Cherry, K. (2020, June 2). Cognitive Dissonance and Ways to Resolve It. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-cognitive-dissonance-2795012

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Question 

3-1 Discussion: Cognitive Dissonance

What is cognitive dissonance? What role does it play in regard to attitude and/or behavior change? What is the role of external rewards in regard to an attitude change?

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance

How might a new car salesperson use what he/she knows about cognitive dissonance (sometimes called buyer’s remorse) to make a customer more content with their purchase (and less likely to want to return their vehicle)?

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A PICOT Question

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Nursing

A PICOT Question

A PICOT Question

A PICOT question has five components. It identifies a specific patient population, the intervention used in managing the people, and a comparison to a population that does not receive the intervention. It evaluates the outcome and the time needed to implement the intervention. The PICOT question for my capstone change project: Among patients receiving surgical nursing care, does a low nurse-patient ratio improve recovery rates compared to a high nurse-patient ratio (due to nursing shortage) over five months? A literature review is integral to any research to evaluate how the currently available research supports the question at hand.

A Comparison of Research Questions

Abhicharttibutra et al. (2017) propose three qualitative research questions. How did the Production and Development of Educational Management in Nursing (PIPDEMN) get onto the government agenda? What were the development processes of the PIPDEMN? How was the PIPDEMN implemented? The three research questions seek to identify and describe the process of policymaking used by the Thai government to increase nursing capacity and education quality. This helps to identify the key stakeholders involved in policy formulation. When nurses are affected, the problem of nursing shortage is likely to be addressed and lead to the improvement of the quality of services provided.

Buerhaus et al. (2017) propose a hypothesis on the challenges nurses face in the USA. Registered nurses will face four main problems in the next 20 years (Buerhaus et al., 2017). The problems include an ageing task force, the uncertainty of health care reform, the shortage and uneven distribution of physicians, and an increased number of retirees. This has led to a decrease in the quality of services delivered by nurses. The research question proposed by Drennan & Ross (2019): What is known about current nurse workforces and shortages, and what can be done to forestall such shortages? The question seeks to address the problem of nursing shortage that has been reported.

Haryanto (2019) proposes a hypothesis that states that nursing shortage is a global challenge. The challenge has led to burnout, stress, and a reduction in the productivity of the workforce. According to Zhang et al. (2018), the demand for registered nurses will exceed the supply from 2016 to 2030. This hypothesis reveals that the nursing shortage problem will worsen in the future. This suggests that the issue of decreased service delivery quality is likely to be compounded. Weaver et al. (2018) hypothesised that the nursing shortage creates a burden of care for families whose children receive palliative care. The nursing shortage has a time, economic and psychological impact on the families of children receiving palliative care.

According to Scheffler & Arnold (2019), the demand for doctors and nurses will increase by 2030, compounding the nursing shortage problem. Mar? et al. (2019) formulate a research question to determine the causes of nursing shortage and the impact of the existing policies. This can help address the problem by ensuring the best approaches are adopted.

A Comparison of Sample Populations

The study by Abhicharttibutra et al. (2017) focuses on the informants who were initially involved in the policymaking process of PIPDEMN. Buerhaus et al. (2017) target the nursing workforce in the USA, whereas Drennan & Ross (2019) review published documents from international organizations. The sample for the study conducted by Haryanto (2019) is published papers such as the fact sheet of the American Association of College of Nursing.

Mar? et al. (2019) analyze national listings and strategic documents for nursing policy in Poland. Scheffler & Arnold (2019) target 32 countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Weaver et al. (2018) target families of children receiving inpatient pediatric palliative care consultation during admission. Zhang et al. (2018) performed a linear regression analysis of national listings of demand and supply of nurses in the 50 states of the USA.

A Comparison of the Limitations of the Study

Drennan & Ross (2019) note that international policies fail to consider nurses’ demographic profiles, career paths, and remuneration. Haryanto (2019) and Drennan & Ross (2019) reported a similar limitation: limited access to data. The end is attributed to insufficient published documents from national and international organizations. Time constraints were written by Abhicharttibutra et al. (2017). Time constraints hindered access to all critical informants targeted by the study. Weaver et al. (2018) reported a small sample and noted that the impact of nursing shortage may differ across the USA. Zhang et al. (2018) note that the study excluded the possibility of foreign nurses entering the country. This can lead to an underestimation of the supply of registered nurses.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The nursing shortage is a global problem that should be addressed promptly. A review of the research literature identified research questions that seek to implement policies that address the issue. The primary study limitations placed during the literature review are time constraints, ends in the sample size, limited access to data, and failure to consider the remuneration and demographics of nurses.

Several recommendations have been proposed. Nurses should be actively involved in policy formulation to address the nursing shortage. Scholarships and incentives should be provided to qualified nursing applicants. The number of training nursing training institutions should be increased to accommodate all qualified applicants. A data-informed, country-specific model of the routes of supply and demand should be used to address the nursing shortage. It requires evidence-informed policy and resource allocation at national, sub-national, and organisational levels. Hospital patient care unit managers and human resource officers should be involved in identifying the causes of the main problems of the workforce and informing both the federal and state governments.

References

Abhicharttibutra, K., Kunaviktikul, W., Turale, S., Wichaikhum, O. A., & Srisuphan, W. (2017). Analysis of a Government Policy to Address Nursing Shortage and Nursing Education Quality. International Nursing Review, 64(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12257

Buerhaus, P. I., Skinner, L. E., Auerbach, D. I., & Staiger, D. O. (2017). Four Challenges Facing the Nursing Workforce in the United States. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 8(2), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(17)30097-2

Drennan, V. M., & Ross, F. (2019). Global Nurse Shortages – The Facts, the Impact, and Action for Change. British Medical Bulletin, 130(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldz014

Haryanto, M. (2019). Nursing Shortage: Myth or Fact? Orthopaedic Nursing, 38(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1097/NOR.0000000000000535

Mar?, M., Bartosiewicz, A., Burzy?ska, J., Chmiel, Z., & Januszewicz, P. (2019). A Nursing Shortage – A Prospect of Global and Local Policies. International Nursing Review, 66(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12473

Scheffler, R. M., & Arnold, D. R. (2019). Projecting Shortages and Surpluses of Doctors and Nurses in the OECD: What Looms Ahead. Health Economics, Policy, and Law, 14(2), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174413311700055X

Weaver, M. S., Wichman, B., Bach, S., Schroeder, D., Vail, C., Wichman, C., & MacFadyen, A. (2018). Measuring the Impact of the Home Health Nursing Shortage on Family Caregivers of Children Receiving Palliative Care. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing, 20(3), 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1097/NJH.0000000000000436

Zhang, X., Tai, D., Pforsich, H., & Lin, V. W. (2018). United States Registered Nurse Workforce Report Card and Shortage Forecast: A Revisit. American Journal of Medical Quality, 33(3), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1062860617738328

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Question 

I have attached my PICOT question paper and the Literature Eval table paper to help. Let me know if you need anything else. Also, are you familiar with this assignment? Thanks again.

A PICOT Question

A PICOT Question

While the implementation plan prepares students to apply their research to the problem or issue they have identified for their capstone project change proposal, the literature review enables students to map out and move into the project’s active planning and development stages.

A literature review analyzes how current research supports the PICOT and identifies what is known and not in the evidence. Students will use the information from the earlier PICOT Question Paper and Literature Evaluation

Table assignments to develop a 750-1,000 word review that includes the following sections:

  • Title page
  • Introduction section
  • A comparison of research questions
  • A comparison of sample populations
  • A comparison of the limitations of the study
  • A conclusion section incorporating recommendations for further research

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines in the APA Style Guide in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

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AACN Agendas

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Nursing, Page : 1

AACN Agendas

AACN Agendas

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is the major force behind excellence and innovation in nursing education, research, and practice. The AACN openly discussed how they set agendas every year. The AACN adopted a new nursing education framework, “The Essentials: Care Competencies for Professional Nursing Education,” as an update to the previously existing framework, which has been in place since 1986 (American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), 2021). The implementation of the new framework will lead to substantial changes to the nursing curriculum, learning and assessment activities, and transition to practice with significant implications for health and nursing regulation (Giddens et al., 2022). The Essential Framework defines the quality of nursing education and will continuously guide the AACN in setting the association’s yearly agenda. As per AACN, the Essentials framework is a bridge towards filling the transitional gap between nursing education and nursing practice. It guides the AACN in its policy and advocacy role to push for regulations that improve the quality of education by integrating education and practice to support the transition from education to the nursing role in clinical settings.

Through the new Essentials, AACN determines priority areas and focuses its policy and advocacy agenda on such areas to support regulatory bodies and ensure sound policies are formulated and implemented. For instance, the AACN has set its priorities for academic nursing in its 2023-2024 federal policy agenda as per the core policy values of sustainability, inclusivity, and innovation set by the new Essentials. The set priorities for the 2023-2024 policy agenda include advancing higher education, pursuing transformative research, developing a robust workforce, and redefining models of care. Therefore, the AACN sets agendas for every year based on priority areas of need that can significantly advance the nursing profession to improve health care to meet prevailing needs.

 References

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2021). The Essentials: Core Competencies For Professional Nursing Education.

Giddens, J., Douglas, J. P., & Conroy, S. (2022). The Revised AACN Essentials: Implications for Nursing Regulation. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 12(4), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(22)00009-6

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Question 

Please reply to this question from my Professor based from the Week 5 discussion that I posted.

AACN Agendas

AACN Agendas

Did the AACN discuss how they set agendas every year?

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Accountable Care Organizations

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Nursing

Accountable Care Organizations

Accountable Care Organizations

One of the most revolutionary healthcare delivery is accountable care organizations. Responsible care organizations (ACOs) are healthcare providers such as nurses, physicians, and hospitals who voluntarily improve care coordination (CMS.gov, 2021). The healthcare providers establish agreements with payers. ACOs must meet quality performance standards and reduce healthcare spending by a certain limit set by Medicare to qualify for reimbursements for their cost-saving healthcare services (CMS.gov, 2021). The enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010 by former President Obama laid the foundation for developing ACOs (Moy et al., 2021). ACOs have been beneficial in achieving quality improvement objectives and reducing healthcare services’ costs by focusing on population health management.

The best benefits that patients gain from ACOs are low healthcare costs and improved quality of healthcare savings. Healthcare acts like ACA focus on reducing healthcare spending (Moy et al., 2021). ACOs have since focused on reducing the cost of healthcare services. Hospitals and physicians are implementing systems and protocols that ensure efficiency and have lowered healthcare costs. Providers under ACOs are implementing disease prevention strategies and reducing or eliminating unnecessary medical procedures and interventions to get a share of the savings reimbursements from Medicare. In ACOs, there are reduced emergency department visits and hospital admissions. ACO also improves population health management and patient outcomes by developing innovative methods such as disease prevention and wellness promotion, reducing the likelihood of contracting diseases and leading to a healthier population (Wilson et al., 2020). Patients benefit greatly since they have improved healthcare outcomes, get quality medical services, have a broader engagement with healthcare professionals, and reduce out-of-pocket spending.

References

CMS.gov. (2021, March 4). Accountable care organizations (ACOs). Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services | CMS. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ACO

Moy, H. P., Giardino, A. P., & Varacallo, M. (2021, February 14). Accountable care organization. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448136/

Wilson, M., Guta, A., Waddell, K., Lavis, J., Reid, R., & Evans, C. (2020). The impacts of accountable care organizations on patient experience, health outcomes, and costs: A rapid review. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 25(2), 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819620913141

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Question 

Accountable Care Organizations

Accountable Care Organizations

Describe one innovative healthcare delivery model that incorporates an interdisciplinary care delivery team. Explain how this model is advantageous to patient outcomes.

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Agenda Comparison Grid

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Nursing

Agenda Comparison Grid

Agenda Comparison Grid

Agenda Comparison Grid Assignment Template for Part 1 and Part 2

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Identify the Population Health concern you selected.  

Covid-19 pandemic
Describe the Population Health concern you selected. Covid-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Corbella, 2021). This is a new strain of the coronavirus strain that can cause illness in humans. Scientists and healthcare professionals are still learning about this disease. They, however, believe it originated from animals who then infected humans. Covid-19 spreads from human to human through infected air droplets transmitted through coughing or sneezing (Corbella, 2021). Human beings can also get this infection when their hands come into contact with surfaces or hands containing the virus and touch their mouths, nose, or eyes with the same hand (Corbella, 2021). Covid-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in 2019, but it has now spread globally. It has adverse health and economic effects. Since its outbreak, it has resulted in many deaths (Corbella, 2021).

 
Administration (President Name) Donald Trump Joe Biden
Explain how each of the two presidential administrations approached the issue.
  • There were irregular communications that diminished as the pandemic intensified.
  • There were inconsistencies in the severity of the pandemic. Donald Trump downplayed the severe nature of this pandemic.
  • There was misinformation- President Trump claimed that hydroxychloroquine could treat Covid-19.
  • The president shut American borders to prevent the entry of the virus.
  • The Biden administration has regular communications on the virus. There are thrice-weekly briefings.
  • The president has a coordinated national response plan. The federal government is in charge of the response.
  • Biden advocated wearing masks with mayors and governors in charge of this initiative.
 

Identify the allocations of resources that the current and previous presidents dedicated to this issue.

  

  • The president authorized emergency funds to help in resource mobilization.
  • He signed four emergency spending bills to provide relief for Americans.
  

  • They released extra funds to pay healthcare workers, expand COBRA coverage, and reimburse employers when their employees used paid leave benefits.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid, complete the following to document information about the population health/healthcare issue you selected 

Administration  
Which administrative agency (like HHS, CDC, FDA, OHSA) would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected? Why is this agency the most helpful?

 

  

The agency that would help the most in this situation is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC has a critical role in the Covid-19 response. It works full-time to protect the nation and ensure the local and state public health partners have the scientific expertise, guidance, and resources required to respond to COVID-19. The CDC has activated its Emergency Operations Center to provide critical and urgent support. The CDC received extra funding from the government, and it is funding localities, tribes, states, and territories to combat the COVID-19 threat. This CDC emergency funding can be used for contact tracing, surveillance, laboratory testing, diagnostic development, public outreach, health department coordination, vaccine planning and distribution, and education for healthcare workers (CDC, 2021).
How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the presidential agenda? How does it stay there?  

The selected healthcare issue can reach the presidential agenda due to its far-reaching economic and healthcare consequences. This disease has claimed thousands of lives, led to unemployment, disrupted the economy, and has devastating healthcare effects. This disease must thus be on the presidential agenda since the president took an oath to protect and defend American citizens. Healthcare experts and the president’s advisors can ensure that it stays in the presidential by constantly doing contact tracing and providing the president with facts on how the pandemic affects Americans and strategies that can be implemented to cushion Americans.
Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor (this can be a celebrity, a legislator, an agency director, or others) of the healthcare issue you selected? An example is Michael J. Fox, a champion for Parkinson’s disease.  

The celebrity I would choose to champion for COVID-19 is Charli D’ Amelio. She is a TikTok sensation and the most followed person on TikTok. TikTok is a social media platform where individuals can share videos with their followers. This is a viral app that rose to prominence during the pandemic. Miss Charli can serve as a champion and educate the public on the importance of public health strategies such as handwashing, social distancing, and wearing masks to control the spread of COVID-19 (Zhang et al., 2020). She can also educate and encourage the public on vaccinations.

 PART 3: Fact Sheet

Covid-19 is a severe healthcare infection that began in Wuhan, China. This disease presents acute symptoms that can cause severe respiratory distress (Corbella, 2021). Scientists are still learning more about this condition. This disease is spread from human to human through air droplets and is transmitted when individuals cough or sneeze. Covid-19 has led to serious health and economic issues. It has caused severe morbidity and mortality. It has also led to the loss of millions of jobs, leading to an increased uninsured population in the United States. This is a severe issue that should have the attention of legislators. Legislators should implement laws and policies to ensure that Americans are protected from the pandemic and appropriate bills to help with vaccination distribution and public health initiatives.

Nurses can be involved in agenda-setting at the local, state, and national levels. Agenda setting can be defined as the problem of moving an issue to the government’s attention to allow for consideration of solutions (Milstead & Short, 2017). Nurses can use their knowledge to help in agenda-setting on many issues affecting the healthcare delivery industry and healthcare quality. Nurses are interested in healthcare issues that affect the general public; additionally, they have the knowledge and skills that can be used to implement and evaluate healthcare policies. They can help policymakers to create better public policies. Nurses can help to change practice interventions in the organizations they work in. Nurses can initiate new initiatives that impact healthcare at their organizations. The initiative results can have implications leading to agenda-setting at the national government level (Milstead & Short, 2017).

Moreover, they can apply theoretical frameworks to help them in agenda-setting. They can use these theories to find opportunities to help them move their agendas forward. Nurses can also involve themselves in political activities to help agenda-setting (Milstead & Short, 2017). They can also collaborate with government agencies such as the FDA in agenda-setting.

References

CDC. (2021, August 3). Novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/budget/fact-sheets/covid-19/index.html

Corbella, S. (2021). Review for “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19) vaccines: A concise review”. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13916/v1/review3

Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2017). Health policy and politics (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Zhang, N., Shi, T., Zhong, H., & Guo, Y. (2020). COVID-19 prevention and control public health strategies in Shanghai, China. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 26(4), 334-344. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001202

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Question 

It may seem to you that healthcare has been a national topic of debate among political leaders for as long as you can remember.

Agenda Comparison Grid

Agenda Comparison Grid

Healthcare has been a policy item and a topic of debate not only in recent times but as far back as the administration of the second U.S. president, John Adams. In 1798, Adams signed legislation requiring that 20 cents per month of a sailor’s paycheck be set aside for covering their medical bills. This represented the first significant piece of U.S. healthcare legislation, and the topic of healthcare has been woven into presidential agendas and political debates ever since.

As a healthcare professional, you may be called upon to provide expertise, guidance and opinions on healthcare matters as they are debated for inclusion into new policy. You may also be involved in planning new organizational policies and responses to changes in legislation. For all of these reasons, you should be prepared to speak to national healthcare issues making the news.

In this Assignment, you will analyze recent presidential healthcare agendas. You also will prepare a fact sheet to communicate the importance of a healthcare issue and the impact on this issue of recent or proposed policy.

To Prepare:

Review the agenda priorities of the current/sitting U.S. president and at least one previous presidential administration.
Select an issue related to healthcare that was addressed by two U.S. presidential administrations (current and previous).
Consider how you would communicate the importance of a healthcare issue to a legislator/policymaker or a member of their staff for inclusion on the agenda.
Use your Week 1 Discussion post to help with this Assignment.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Comparison Grid, 1-page Analysis, and 1-page narrative) with a title page. This is an APA paper. Use 2-3 course resources and at least two outside resources.

Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid

Use the Agenda Comparison Grid Template found in the Learning Resources and complete Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid based on the current/sitting U.S. president and the previous president and their agendas related to the population health concern you selected. Be sure to address the following:

Identify and provide a brief description of the population health concern you selected.
Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.
Identify the allocation of resources that the presidents dedicated to this issue.
Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Using the information you recorded in Part 1: Agenda Comparison Grid on the template, complete the Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis portion of the template by addressing the following:

Which administrative agency (like HHS, CDC, FDA, OHSA) would most likely be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected, and why is this agency the most helpful for the issue?
How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the presidential agenda? How does it stay there?
An entrepreneur/champion/sponsor helps to move the issue forward. Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/champion/sponsor (this can be a celebrity, a legislator, an agency director, or others) of the healthcare issue you selected, and why would this person be a good entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor? An example is Michael J. Fox, who is a champion for Parkinson’s disease.
Part 3: Fact Sheet

Using the information recorded on the template in Parts 1 and 2, develop a 1-page fact sheet that you could use to communicate with a policymaker/legislator or a member of their staff about this healthcare issue. Be sure to address the following:

Summarize why this healthcare issue is important and should be included in the agenda for legislation.
Justify the role of the nurse in agenda-setting for healthcare issues.

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ANA Standards

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Nursing

ANA Standards

ANA Standards

The standard of Professional Performance defines the level of competent behavior nursing professionals should have while in their practice areas. The selected Standard of Professional Performance is standard nine, which is communication. The standard requires registered nurses to communicate effectively while in their areas of practice (Harper & Maloney, 2017). While in their care environment, nurses should communicate effectively with other healthcare professionals, the patient, and the patient’s relatives. Effective communication should entail verbal and nonverbal cues to ensure that interaction with the patient and other medical personnel is professional.

Journal Article

The title of the journal article is “Enhancing communication to improve patient safety and to increase patient satisfaction” by Burgener Audrey. The article was published on 7 September 2020. The report was found in the PubMed search engine, where key terms related to effective communication in nursing practice were used. The report gives the importance of effective communication in health organizations (Burgener, 2020). According to Burgener (2020), adverse events in health organizations occur due to ineffective communication (Burgener, 2020). Enhancing communication in healthcare improves the safety of patients and their experiences. Improvement of patient care and satisfaction can be achieved through effective and efficient communication (Burgener, 2020). Programs such as education and training of nurses enhance effective communication, which improves the safety of patients and increases the satisfaction of patients.

Commentary

The standard helps in understanding that effective communication is essential in nursing practice. In professional practice, a nurse is involved in activities such as leadership and collaboration, which require effective communication. Thus, effective communication is an essential part of the nursing profession. The standard of communication is relevant in nursing since it improves care quality and ensures patient safety and satisfaction (Baddley, 2018). Effective communication between nurses, other professionals, and the patient reduces medical errors and improves patient outcomes. Communication also allows the sharing of ideas and skills. I would incorporate the standard into my nursing practice through interdisciplinary collaboration. Interaction with other professionals caring for the patient requires effective communication. Attending education and training sessions or seminars on effective communication will also help improve my communication skills.

References

Baddley, D. (2018). Enhancing effective communication among non-verbal patients. Pediatric Nursing, 44(3), 144-146.

Burgener, A. M. (2020). We are enhancing communication to improve patient safety and to increase patient satisfaction. The health care manager, 39(3), 128-132. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000298

Harper, M., & Maloney, P. (2017). The updated nursing professional development scope and standards of practice. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 48(1), 5-7.

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Question 

Review the ANA Standards document. Focus on the Standards of Professional Performance.

ANA Standards

ANA Standards

Choose one of the 17 standards that capture your attention from the ANA Standard document/file.

Search for a relevant journal article that explains or discusses the importance of this standard to professional nursing.

Topics and prompts to include

Introduction

  1. Announce the chosen Standard of Professional Performance using the number and name from the 17 ANA standard document.
  2. Briefly define the Standard.

Journal Article

  1. Provide the title, author, publication date, and where you found the article.
  2. Briefly summarize and explain how the article connects professional nursing to the chosen Standard.

Commentary

    1. What does this Standard add to your understanding of the nursing profession?
    2. Why do you think the Standard is relevant to nursing today?
    3. Provide a concrete example of how you can (and will) incorporate this Standard into your nursing practice.

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