Micro bio discussion 250 words

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To contribute to this discussion forum:

  •  Watch the  TED talk on “How Vaccines Work” https://youtu.be/55wOg9fe_Ms?si=UYxH9hQKqlbIOiEA  and Herd Immunity .     https://youtu.be/ZRclbfK5q08?si=jgVwcCkUSGkG6fXB    ( Click on the link to watch the videos)and write a short report (200-250 words, in your own words) on what you learned and understood from this talks and your perspective on the topic. Your perspectives on the topic must be supported with evidence/example  either from your text book, research articles or authentic websites.
  • Citations must be provided for such information.  Format your citations as per MLA citation style. The citations will not count towards your recommended document length

Can this be done in 15 hours?

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Instructions

After you view the Group Counseling With Inmates: San Quentin Prison video in Week 2: Group Leadership SkillsLinks to an external site., draft a 3–4 page paper that analyzes the group facilitators’ performance when addressing issues related to group engagement and in-group authority.

Please structure your paper according to the following outline:

  • Group Summary.
    1. Summarize the group therapy session.
  • Group Engagement.
    1. Explain facilitator use of empathy and interpersonal skills to create a strong group foundation in the first session.
    2. Evaluate how facilitators recognize diversity within the group to shape practice at the mezzo level.
    3. Explain facilitator handling of co-facilitation to guide professional behavior.
    4. Describe facilitator use of self-regulation to monitor personal values, beliefs, and behaviors that limit effectiveness.
      • Cite specific examples.
      • Explain risks if the facilitator does not monitor personal values, beliefs, and behaviors.
  • Group Authority.
    1. Evaluate oral communication skills demonstrated by the facilitators, including:
      • Using effective communication to manage effective transitions.
      • Using effective communication to protect confidentiality.
    2. Analyze facilitators’ overall performance, including:
      • Ability to assess group members’ strengths, needs, and challenges.
      • Ability to make constructive suggestions for improvement.
    3. Evaluate how facilitators apply evidence-based methods or interventions to inform practice.
  • Professional Communication.
    1. Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
      • Adhere to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.
      • Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.
      • Apply current APA style standards, including paper format, in-text citations, and the references list.

Note: Good supervisors contextualize their observations and suggestions with concrete evidence. Support your analyses and recommendations with citations from peer-reviewed literature and your textbook. Remember to format references according to current APA style. 

Additional Requirements

Your assignment should also meet the following requirements:

  • Written communication: Written communication should be scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
  • APA formatting: Resources and citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting standards. Use Academic WriterLinks to an external site. for guidance in citing sources in proper APA style. See the Writing CenterLinks to an external site. for more APA resources specific to your degree level.
  • Number of resources: A minimum of five scholarly sources. All literature cited should be current, with publication dates within the past five years.
  • Length of paper: 3–4 typed, double-spaced pages.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

cap – week 1

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Individual personal and professional experiences and perspectives influence the extent to which each of you have been engaged in policy issues. Some of you may have never been involved with formal policy making, while others may have some experience related to the creation, implementation, and evaluation of social policies.

  • If you have policy-making experience, describe your thoughts regarding your commitment to this work.
  • If you have no experience related to policy formation and implementation, tell us what you think about the possibility of getting involved.
  • To what extent do you think individual social workers should be involved with public policy making? Explain your view.
  • Do you think apathy plays a role in social workers’ involvement with policy (formation, implementation and evaluation) in their communities? Explain your thinking.

Posts should reflect your personal and professional experience—and all posts and responses should be supported by recent scholarly research with APA-formatted citations and references.

cap – w1

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Share an experience either personal or professional that involved either a man-made or natural disaster in your area. You may not have had any or much of a direct role in the response, but based on your readings, what might you have expected either yourself or another social work leader to do in that situation?

Discussions should be approximately 350 words long, use scholarly sources to back statements and arguments, use proper APA formatting for citations and references. 

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Biology Bio assignment

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What Determines Paternity in Wild Lizards? A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Behavior and

Morphology

The article concerns animals mating and the complex sequence of behavioral,

physiological, ecological, and biomechanical events. Sexual selection is naturally occurring in

the population and frequently physical and behavioral make it easier to understand intuitively

within the social context of a species. Anolis lizards are territorial, with male territories larger

than the female but the females’ territories by habitat quality, not male traits. Traditionally,

female choice plays a minimal in male reproduction, but studies show that turnover in territory

occupancy and extensive spatial overlap in anole populations. Genetic studies reveal the

prevalence of female multiple mating, suggesting the potential for sexual selection through

female mate choice. They conducted a study on adult A. cristatellus lizards by using dental floss

or hand then determined sex and measured SVL. They observed the lizards’ behaviors and

determined their locations for statistical analysis. They also observe female Anolis lizards lay

eggs, collect the eggs, and analyze the offspring. As the results of the observations and

experiments they successfully collected 178 offspring from 27 females and assigned paternity to

173 offspring (97%). The prevalence of female multiple mating should inform future sexual

selection considerations in the species.

About 3 pages – summary this article

Part II. The Written Report (50 points)

Written Report Format (see also Guidelines for written reports):

Length: Three pages (#¼ page), not including bibliography and diagrams.

Cover: No report cover, binder, or separate title page.

Title: In your own words, not the title of the article (you didn’t write that; someone else

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did.)

Content: In 3 pages, you cannot thoroughly review all of the details in a full research paper.

Instead, you will focus on 1 or 2 of the experiments executed by the authors of the article.

In your paper explain the article including the introduction, methodology, results, and discussion,

including the most important finding of your source article. You may need to include graphs to

do this. Attach graphs on separate pages and reference them in the format of the journal. The

idea behind this part of the assignment is to demonstrate your comprehension of the article by

summarizing the most important parts of it.

Writing: The paper must be written in your own words in the third person. Summary of the

materials and methods section of the paper are in the past tense. With some exceptions, other

sections are in the present tense. Do not simply paraphrase or quote the authors(s) of your source

article. The sentences in your paper must be written by you. If you don’t understand an article

well enough to discuss it in your own words you can visit me during office hours or during lab,

and I can address any questions you might have about your paper. Quotes from the article are not

acceptable. If any sentence or portion of a sentence has been simply copied from the article, I

will stop grading your paper immediately and score it a zero.

Any quotes from the article, even properly done, will be ignored and not considered part of your

paper.

Attach a paf copy of the article as a comment when you submit your paper on Canvas.

Bibliography: For your source article and for any other sources that you may also have used,

provide a full bibliographic reference at the end of your written report. Use the bibliographic

format included in the handout, “Guidelines for Written Assignments.” Keep in mind that there is

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no requirement for you to do research beyond your source article unless you chose to do so to

achieve a better comprehension of its topic.

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Bibliography

Johnson, M. A., Kamath, A., Kirby, R., Fresquez, C. C., Wang, S., Stehle, C. M., Templeton, A.

R., & Losos, J. B. (2021, June 2). What Determines Paternity in Wild Lizards? A Spatiotemporal

Analysis of Behavior and Morphology. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 61(2), 634–642.

https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab115.

Therapeutic Communication

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Biology

Therapeutic Communication

Therapeutic Communication

According to France, Weikel & Kish (2006), clients in helping relationships make progress when they feel understood and actively work toward goals they value. A vast body of research suggests that regardless of whom clients work with, they feel a strong bond with the human services provider if they are involved in their healing process. The human services profession is meant to meet client needs in myriad ways. Human services providers must possess sufficient knowledge to prevent and remediate human services problems. Besides, human services providers should be committed to improving the quality of the services populations they serve.

Human services providers must commit to specific predetermined roles and responsibilities to meet the needs of individual, group, and community clients. The nature of these roles and responsibilities necessitates applying empathy to meet clients’ needs, build trust, and understand their problems precisely (France, Weikel & Kish, 2006). All human services providers, from the advocate, administrator, and evaluator, must commit to meeting client needs through empathy. Applying empathy will help human services providers meet the specific needs of the populations they serve since people from different geographical areas have diverse needs.

A fundamental expression of empathy is the complete understanding of a client’s needs without bias. Human services providers meet with clients one-on-one; thus, the latter must show clients that they have understood their problems without judgment (Bayne, Pusateri & Dean, 2012). A positive application of empathy is required instead of subtractive empathy, which results in adverse outcomes.  A human services provider needs to show that they have understood client needs superficially. They must also show they have understood such problems beyond what a client could express orally. Achieving an understanding that exceeds the client’s expression is additive empathy. Additive empathy helps clients attain new ways of thinking about issues, a positive step toward their therapeutic recovery.

Often, empathy is regarded as being core to mental health treatment since it helps mental health professionals create a relationship rapport and therapeutic alliance. As a result, clients attain positive outcomes of mental health treatment. Well-documented research proves that incorporating empathy on top of traditional therapeutic modalities helps clients achieve better care outcomes.  Positive empathy helps reduce client insecurities and anxiety; hence, they own up to their problems and commit to positive change.

According to Bayne, Pusateri & Dean (2012), the application of empathy in human services is different from its application in counseling and therapeutic services. In counseling and therapeutic services, empathy is meant to drive therapeutic outcomes. However, compassion is intended to build a relationship between the service provider and the client in the human services profession.  Being empathetic helps the human services professional acquire information from the client by making them feel accepted. Essentially, one ought to be in the client’s shoes to understand why they act the way they do. Failure to do this can only make clients insecure about sharing crucial information.

Furthermore, the importance of expressing warmth during the provision of human services cannot be overstated. The human services professional must connect personally with the client and not just attend to them to fulfill their roles as human services providers. Besides, warmth requires the service provider to communicate the client’s feelings emotionally (Peterson, 2015). That will allow clients to discuss their issues introspectively without asking many questions.

Peterson (2015) emphasizes the importance of warmth in client-human services provider relationships by emphasizing the importance of the listeners’ role to get the talker’s side of the story, irrespective of the current emotions. That means that human services providers should remain objective, regardless of the feelings that may rent the air when clients express their problems. For instance, when clients start crying when narrating their stories, it would be prudent to hand them a handkerchief instead of asking them lots of questions. I am quite sensitive to people’s warmth or lack thereof. For instance, If I visit someone and they offer me a cup of coffee or offer their arms for a hearty hug, I usually feel welcomed and a sense of warmth.

Even the bible emphasizes empathy among the bereaved or victims of the tragedy. According to John 1:35, ‘Jesus wept.’ The verse refers to the moment when Jesus was about to visit Lazarus’ home. He found the family of the late Lazarus crying, and he joined them. Jesus knew that it was a matter of minutes before resurrecting Lazarus but still did not turn a blind eye to the mourners. Jesus never tried to scold them out of their lack of faith or even dismiss them. Instead, He was touched when he saw people mourning and joined along.

Moreover, genuineness in the human services profession also matters. Essentially, being genuine is all about being concerned about the other party without any sense of hypocrisy (Peterson, 2015).  A human services professional must be competent enough to express their true feelings without showing any sense of hypocrisy. I think genuineness cannot be faked since it comes out of the heart.

In conclusion, I think warmth, genuineness, and empathy are critical elements for creating an effective therapeutic process in the human services field. Applying these essential attributes helps attain cooperation from the person under treatment, speeding their healing process. These vital communication components help drive satisfaction for the client by making them feel engaged in information delivery. In the long run, the three components play an important role in a client’s healing process by offering therapeutic communication and being the best indicators of how clients may react to a planned therapeutic process by human services providers.

References

Bayne, H. B., Pusateri, C., & Dean-Nganga, L. (2012). The use of empathy in human services:     Strategies for diverse professional roles. Journal of Human Services, 32(1).

France, K., Weikel, K., & Kish, M. (2006). Helping skills for human service workers: Building relationships and encouraging productive change. Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas.

Petersen, J. (2007). Why Don’t We Listen Better?: Communicating & Connecting in          Relationships. James C. Petersen.

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Question 

REFLECTION PAPER ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
The goal of reflective writing is to interact with and integrate new information and apply it to what you already know and practice, thereby achieving personal growth.

Therapeutic Communication

Therapeutic Communication

You will write a total of four reflection papers in this course. Each paper has a specific topic. All four papers have the same basic purpose, structure, and format. Each paper must maintain a good balance between 1) examination and discussion of relevant course materials on the topic and 2) self-reflection on how these phenomena play out in your own interpersonal communication contexts.

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Pathogens and Health

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Biology

Pathogens and Health

Pathogens and Health

Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms. These diverse microorganisms include fungi, bacteria, viruses, unicellular eukaryotes, and multicellular eukaryotes (Balloux & Van Dorp, 2017). All living organisms are affected by pathogens, such as bacteria targeted by phages (Balloux & Van Dorp, 2017). Plasmodium spp is a parasite that causes Malaria.

Microscopy, Cultivation, and Non-Cultivation Methods

Light microscopy of thin and thick stained blood smears is the standard method for malaria diagnosis. This method involves collecting a blood sear, staining with Romanowsky stains, and examining the erythrocytes for intracellular Plasmodium spp (Shad, 2019). Malaria culture is the method used to grow Plasmodium spp in vivo. This method involves incubating erythrocytes in a culture dish at 37 °C with a plasma serum and nutrient medium (Shad, 2019). A gas mixture of carbon dioxide and Oxygen allows the parasite to grow in a cell incubator (Shad, 2019). A blood film light microscopy can then determine the number of parasites. The non-culture methods for Plasmodium spp are serology tests. These tests detect antibodies against Plasmodium using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Moreno et al., 2019).

Plasmids in Bacterial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Plasmids are DNA genetic elements in the bacterial cell cytoplasm (Al Doghaither & Gull, 2019). Plasmids can reproduce independently (Al Doghaither & Gull, 2019). Plasmids are utilized in genetic engineering to amply certain genes. They are used in gene therapy to transfer genes to bacterial cells to enhance the resistance to diseases or other traits. The independent replication of the plasmid in the bacteria makes it possible to produce many copies in the recombinant DNA (Al Doghaither & Gull, 2019). This allows for experimental manipulation, such as the production of insulin in large amounts and gene therapy to correct defective genes.

Human /Microbe Relationships

There are two main categories of pathogenes, obligative and facultative, which depend on their life cycle in the host. Facultative pathogenes use the host for replicative processes, but this is not the only niche they can use. They are primarily fungi and environmental bacteria that cause infections (Balloux & Van Dorp, 2017). Facultative pathogens are problematic and are involved in antimicrobial resistance. On the other hand, obligate pathogens require the host to complete their life cycle (Balloux & Van Dorp, 2017). This is their only niche. All viral pathogens are obligate since they depend on the host’s cellular machinery for reproduction. Some obligate pathogens bacteria include Treponema pallidum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Balloux & Van Dorp, 2017).

Microbial Virulence Factors

Microbial virulence factors include many molecules produced by pathogens, which enhance their ability to evade the host’s defense systems, resulting in disease. The virulence factors include enzymes, toxins, exopolysaccharides, cell surface structures, glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and capsules (Leitão, 2020). Other virulence factors include alterations in metabolic regulatory frameworks modulated by regulatory RNAs and protein sensors (Leitão, 2020). In addition, some microbial molecules can enter the host cells, manipulating their machinery, which results in infection (Leitão, 2020). Virulence factors are essential in public health. Pathogens have many virulence factors that thrive within their hosts, resulting in disease. Molecular knowledge of these factors can be necessary for developing strategies to manage infectious conditions.

Treatment and Prevention Strategies

Malaria prevention strategies include preventing mosquito bites by using repellants and mosquito nets (Talapko et al., 2019). Currently, there is no approved vaccine for Malaria. However, antimalarial medications are available for prophylaxis, especially for patients at risk of getting Malaria (Talapko et al., 2019). The same antimicrobials used for malaria prevention are used in treatment. They include quinine, artemether-lumefantrine, and proguanil (Talapko et al., 2019)

References

Al Doghaither, H., & Gull, M. (2019). Plasmids as genetic tools and their applications in ecology and evolution. Plasmid. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85705

Balloux, F., & Van Dorp, L. (2017). Q&A: What are pathogens, and what have they done to and for us? BMC Biology, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0433-z

Leitão J. H. (2020). Microbial Virulence Factors. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(15), 5320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155320

Moreno, Y. R., Donato, S. T., Nogueira, F., & Silva, M. S. (2019). Comparative analysis of the serological reactivity of individuals with a clinical history of Malaria using two different ELISA tests. Diagnostics, 9(4), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040168

Shad, A. A. (2019). Clinical microbiology made ridiculously simple: A book review. The Open Microbiology Journal, 13(1), 200-201. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010200

Talapko, J., Škrlec, I., Alebi?, T., Juki?, M., & V?ev, A. (2019). Malaria: The Past and the Present. Microorganisms, 7(6), 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060179

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Question 

Pathogens and Health

Pathogens and Health

Write an essay that analyzes “The role of any chosen pathogen in human health and disease and public health.”
Using the knowledge you have gained throughout this course, your final paper must include the following:
Appropriate microscopic, cultivation, and non-cultivation methods for the chosen pathogen
Importance of plasmids in bacterial genetics and genetic engineering
Human/microbe relationships
Analysis of the virulence factors of microorganisms (including public health importance)
Prevention and treatment strategies

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M2 Assignment

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Biology

M2 Assignment

M2 Assignment

Infectious diseases still present considerable management challenges to healthcare systems globally. Infectious diseases impact healthcare systems disproportionately, with lower-income countries being more vulnerable to the impacts of these diseases than developed countries. With the increasing emergence of novel infectious pathogens that can cause widespread morbidity and mortality, as seen in pandemics and outbreaks, the world is staring at yet other public health threats that may cause immense global disruptions. Emerging infectious diseases such as the recent COVID-19 are growing public health concerns that present considerable challenges to health care systems. Understanding the transmission pattern of these diseases and causal factors may enable the establishment of a framework to combat these infectious diseases.

The Impact of the Healthcare Professional on Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that people develop when they are in contact with healthcare services in various care facilities. Healthcare professionals are essential in preventing and controlling these infections. Healthcare professionals can utilize several strategies to prevent HAIs. As health educators and advocates, healthcare professionals can effectively minimize HAIs attributable to patient care variables such as antibiotic and invasive medical device use. Healthcare professionals can educate patients on appropriate antibiotic use to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance and the subsequent emergence of superbugs. Healthcare professionals should also comply with the standard sterile techniques when performing invasive procedures on patients. Through patient engagement and education, healthcare professionals can also ensure that their patients adhere to proper hygiene standards such as handwashing (Bearman et al., 2019). These preventive measures by healthcare professionals are pivotal in minimizing the spread of HAIs.

Standard Precaution Guidelines For Infection Control and Prevention

The CDC outlines standard precautions and guidelines for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. These include handwashing, use of personal protective equipment, respiratory hygiene, the safety of sharp instruments used for medical procedures, safe injection practices, sterile instruments, and devices, and cleanliness of the environment in which healthcare procedures are performed (“Standard Precautions”, 2022). Hand hygiene is the most superior measure for preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Handwashing with clean running water and soap is recommended for all patients and healthcare professionals in healthcare facilities. Alcohol-based hand rub may also maintain effectiveness in hand hygiene.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks and gloves minimizes exposure to infectious pathogens. PPE maintains significance in breaking the chain of transmission of infectious diseases. Their use has been emphasized in infectious disease outbreaks. Cough etiquette remains an important respiratory hygiene that protects individuals from respiratory infections. Sharp safety minimizes percutaneous injuries and prevents the transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Safe injection practices detail all interventions necessary for ensuring compliance with sterile injection techniques and preventing the transmission of infectious diseases across patients. Environmental cleanliness entails cleaning the environment in which medical procedures are performed. Essentially, it reduces the contamination of surfaces and ensures that medical procedures are carried out safely.

Ways An Infection Might Spread Within A Community Setting

Infections spread within communities in several ways. Infections spread via droplets, direct contact, and transplacental (van Deventer & Hochberg, 2018). Droplet transmission occurs when an individual sneezes, coughs, or talks. Infectious agents are often contained in these droplets, and transmission occurs when these droplets come into contact with the mucosal membranes of a susceptible host. Most respiratory infections spread via droplet transmission. Infectious diseases that can be spread via droplet transmission include viral infections such as influenza and COVID-19 and bacterial infections such as tuberculosis. Infections transmitted by droplet transmission can be slowed or stopped by practicing good respiratory hygiene as cough etiquette, wearing face masks, and minimizing overcrowding. Cough etiquette and face masks prevent the escape of droplets containing infectious pathogens into the air, thus reducing their spread (van Deventer & Hochberg, 2018). Overcrowding, as seen in refugee camps and institutions of incarceration, accelerates the spread of infectious diseases. Reducing overcrowding slows the spread of infectious diseases.

Direct contact transmission occurs when a susceptible host directly contacts infectious pathogens. This can be via inhalation of the pathogen as seen in histoplasmosis or through broken skin as seen in tetanus. Direct contact transmission can be slowed by wearing masks when in proximity to persons infected with pathogens that can be transmitted via inhalation. Putting on a pair of shoes can also prevent an individual from being pierced by sharp objects on the ground that can predispose them to infections. Disinfection of injured areas on the skin can also prevent the transmission of these infections.

Transplacental transmission is a mother-to-child transmission that occurs during pregnancy. This mode of transmission is common in certain infections such as HIV/AIDS, Toxoplasma gondii, and Zika virus. This can be slowed by aggressive treatment of the mother during pregnancy to reduce the pathogen load on the mother (van Deventer & Hochberg, 2018). Careful management of the infant after birth can also reduce the transmission of these diseases.

Impact of The Environment On The Growth And Spread Of Microbes

Environment plays a significant role in infectious disease spread. The human environment can affect pathogen virulence, survival, abundance, and the host’s susceptibility to these pathogens (Lo Iacono & Nichols, 2018). Pathogen abundance and survival are influenced by environmental factors that promote microbial growth, such as temperature, pH, and availability of growth media. This is the case with dirty surfaces and untreated water. Individuals exposed to dirty water and environment become susceptible to infectious pathogens that thrive in such environments. Practicing basic environmental hygiene can drastically reduce infection with these pathogens. Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces eliminate a large proportion of microbes. These methods are important as they eliminate pathogens from the environment that would have otherwise caused the disease to man. In addition, disinfection of water used for cooking and drinking can also reduce the number of microbes, making it safe for human use. Water disinfection is important for eliminating water-borne infectious pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae. Further, clearing vegetation that acts as a breeding ground for vectors carrying microbial pathogens can also significantly reduce the population of these infectious pathogens. Notably, these strategies have remained vital public health measures for minimizing infectious diseases.

Precautions For Preventing The Spread Of Cold/Flu-Like Symptoms

Cold/flu-like symptoms are common presentations in primary healthcare and often indicate upper respiratory infections. The precautions I will take if a patient presents with cold/flu-like symptoms include asking them to maintain social distancing, wear a face mask, wash their hands with soap and running water, or use an alcohol-based hand rub. Respiratory infections are mainly transmitted via droplet transmission. Public health strategies such as wearing face masks and social distancing can prevent droplets when talking, sneezing, and coughing from reaching a susceptible host.

Dealing with Viral Infections

For a patient with a viral infection requesting an antibiotic, the best response is to educate them on rational antibiotic use. In this regard, I will explain to them that the infection they have is caused by a virus and that antibiotics will not be effective in treating them. I will also explain to them that antibiotics are medications that are effective only against bacteria and not viruses, and there is no need to treat viral infections with antibiotics. Additionally, I will explain to them that irrational use of antibiotics can lead to antibacterial-resistant strains of bacteria that are not easy to treat and are expensive to manage (Llor & Bjerrum, 2018). It is therefore important that they do not take antibiotics for viral infections.

Conclusion

Infectious diseases remain a concern to public health. Understanding the transmission pattern of these diseases and causative factors is necessary for their management. Infection prevention and control focuses on measures that effectively minimize the spread of these infections within communities. Healthcare professionals play a vital role in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Of importance in infection control and prevention is the understanding of environmental factors contributing to the spread of these infections and how they can be modified to minimize spread.

References

Bearman, G., Doll, M., Cooper, K., & Stevens, M. (2019). Hospital Infection Prevention: How Much Can We Prevent and How Hard Should We Try?. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-019-0660-2

Llor, C., & Bjerrum, L. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem. Therapeutic Advances In Drug Safety, 5(6), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098614554919

Lo Iacono, G., & Nichols, G. (2018). Modeling the Impact of Environment on Infectious Diseases. Oxford Research Encyclopedia Of Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.339

Standard Precautions. CDC.gov. (2022). Retrieved 2 July 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/summary-infection-prevention-practices/standard-precautions.html.

van Seventer, J., & Hochberg, N. (2018). Principles of Infectious Diseases: Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control. International Encyclopedia Of Public Health, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00516-6

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Question 

This week you have learned about the key factors in preventing the spread of infection, the differences in bacterial and viral infections, the importance of the correct use of antibiotics, and the role of the healthcare professional in these scenarios.

M2 Assignment

M2 Assignment

For the assignment this week you will write a 1500-1750 word essay that addresses the following prompts:

Reflect on the impact the healthcare professional has on preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Discuss the standard precaution guidelines that should be followed for infection control and prevention.

Describe three ways an infection might spread within a community setting. How could these infections be slowed or stopped?

Explain how the environment impacts the growth and spread of microbes. How can environments be controlled or altered to decrease the growth of microbes? Include at least three elements of the environment that can be controlled. Why is this important in preventing HAIs?

If a patient presents with cold/flu-like symptoms, what precautions should you take to prevent the spread? For this patient, the lab work determines a viral infection. The patient is adamant they are in need of antibiotic treatment. Explain how you would respond to this patient’s request.

Assignment Expectations

Length: 1500 – 1750 words; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner.

Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimum word count for this assignment.

References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least three (3) scholarly sources to support your claims.

Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).

File name: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the assignment number (for example, “RHall Assignment 1.docx”)

M2 Assignment UMBO –1, 2, 3, 4

M2 Assignment PLG –7

M2 Assignment CLO – 6

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