The paper should choose two theories of delinquency to compare and contrast.  Identify the similar elements of the theories as well as the different elements of the theories.  Next, explain the implications of each theory on the treatment of juvenile offenders.  Consider in this explanation, characteristics of the offenders such as gender, education, substance abuse, mental health issues, race, etc. 

The paper should be 4-6 pages in length.  The paper should use APA style rules, double-spacing, and 12 point Times New Roman font. The paper should use outside resources to support their assertions in the paper.  Personal opinions or anecdotal comments should not be included in the paper.

  Note minimum of textbook reference and one peer reviewed journal article published in the last 5-10 years or potential point reduction.  APA format through post and paraphrase content into your own words.  Avoid reliance on quotes.  Demonstrate your understanding and application of the material.  

Using an integrative approach, identify and describe how more than one theory or evidenced based treatment strategy can help explain and treat the substance abuse in following case scenario:

Sally is 16 years old and lives with her mother and 8-year-old brother in the “projects” in Cleveland, Ohio. She started smoking cigarettes at age 12 by stealing from her mother. She took her first drink of alcohol when offered by a teenage babysitter at age 10 and started drinking regularly with peers at age 12. Her father is in and out of her life due to an addiction to heroin. Her mother works long hours at a local dry-cleaner and Sally frequently provides after school daycare for her brother which she “hates.” Sally feels trapped and forgotten by both parents and overwhelmed by the demands of her coursework and caregiving. In addition, she makes meals and does the housekeeping at home. Consequently, her grades have dropped and she may have to repeat her sophomore year of high school. Sally recently tried cocaine and found it extremely pleasant. She has since used cocaine at every opportunity offered her and is beginning to do “favors” for friends to get access to the drug. When Sally’s mother caught Sally drinking alcohol, she told Sally that she was “just like her father.”

Scientists are concerned that bacteria will be resistant to all antibiotics within the next decade. Using your knowledge of genetics, describe how bacterial populations can develop drug resistance in such a short time frame. Explain why the following statement is false: Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change. How can bacteriophages impact bacterial genetics? What extracellular appendages and mechanisms can bacteria use to introduce new genes to neighboring bacteria? Use references in MLA format.