Working Bibliography – Casablanca

Working Bibliography – Casablanca

Working Bibliography – Casablanca

Berkowitz, Michael. “On Isenberg’s We’ll Always Have Casablanca: The Life, Legend, and Afterlife of Hollywood’s Most Beloved Movie.” Jewish Film & New Media: An International Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2019, pp. 114–17, muse.jhu.edu/pub/27/article/759012/summary. Accessed 2 June 2023.

The article provides a critical review or analysis of Isenberg’s book, delving into its content and exploring the themes, insights, and perspectives it offers. The article touches on Casablanca’s historical context and significance within the broader landscape of Hollywood cinema. This article can be considered credible due to its publication in the Jewish Film & New Media: An International Journal, which is a scholarly journal focused on the study of Jewish film and related topics, indicating that the article likely underwent a rigorous peer-review process to ensure quality and academic integrity. This article supports the point that it critically reviews or analyzes Isenberg’s book, exploring the themes, insights, and perspectives offered in examining Casablanca’s making.

Hurley, Zoe. “Orientalist Influence.” ORIENTAL INFLUENCE, Jan. 2023, pp. 95–110, https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-755-820231008. Accessed 2 June 2023.

This article discusses the influence of Orientalism in various contexts, including potentially its influence on the movie Casablanca. Orientalism refers to a way of representing and understanding the East, often characterized by stereotypes, exoticism, and cultural biases.

This article is credible because the citations and references that the author used support its claims and arguments. The article is published in less than five years, thus giving the most recent information about the movie Casablanca. The article supports the point that the Casablanca film perpetuates certain Orientalist stereotypes or reinforces Western perceptions of the exotic and mysterious Orient. The article also points out how the movie reflects the geopolitical context of the time, with Casablanca serving as a symbolic crossroads between East and West during World War II.

Klinger, Barbara. Immortal Films: Casablanca and the Afterlife of a Hollywood Classic. University of California Press, 2022.

This source discusses the enduring popularity and cultural significance of the film Casablanca and its impact on subsequent films and popular culture. Casablanca is widely regarded as a cinematic masterpiece and has maintained its status as a beloved classic since its release in 1942. This book is a credible source because it was published within the last five years and has the most recent references to the Casablanca film. This source supports the point that Casablanca goes beyond a simple love story by highlighting the significance of the refugee experience and its portrayal in the movie.

McCusker, Brian. “Film: Casablanca.” Philosophy Now: A Magazine of Ideas, vol. 144, 2021, pp. 56–57, https://www.pdcnet.org/philnow/content/philnow_2021_0144_0056_0057.

This article primarily analyzes the movie Casablanca from a philosophical perspective and describes the major themes in the movie while also focusing on the main characters. Accordingly, from a philosophical lens, McCusker notes that the movie’s major themes include despair, boredom, and anxiety. McCusker continues with the philosophical analysis of the film and adds that all individuals pass through three life stages: Aesthetic, Ethical, and Religious. The author takes the main characters, like Rick Blaine and Ilsa Lund, into account to exemplify the Aesthetic, Ethical, and Religious life stages. While doing this, the article also demonstrates other themes like love, friendship, and sacrifice. Therefore, this article is relevant as it delves into some of the major themes in Casablanca and its main cast. McCusker’s article, found on Google Scholar, is credible as it aligns with the CRAAP criteria for scholarly sources.

Taibi, Moulay Abdellah, and Fatima-Zohra Iflahen. “Cinema-Induced Tourism in Morocco: A Narrative Review.” Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, vol. 8, no. 23, Mar. 2023, pp. 223–37, https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v8i23.4507.

The article explores the phenomenon of tourism in Morocco inspired by cinema, potentially including references to the movie Casablanca. The article discusses how the film industry and its representations of Moroccan culture, landmarks, and cities like Casablanca have influenced tourism in the country. It examines the impact of movies, including Casablanca, on attracting tourists and shaping their perceptions and expectations of Morocco as a travel destination. This source is credible because it was published within the last five years and has the most recent references to the Casablanca film. The point supported by this article is the significant role in promoting tourism to Morocco and specifically to the city of Casablanca.

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Question 


Working Bibliography - Casablanca

Working Bibliography – Casablanca

Click the link to Film essay resources.

I recommend Ask a Librarian (Use for your Work Bibliography). Click Ask a Librarian

Assignment Directions:

**While this assignment requires five academic sources, you will only be required to have three scholarly sources for your essay.

Remember, you are not citing the film. You are citing text from articles that are directly or indirectly related to the movie and related to the topic of each paragraph.

Create a Working Bibliography by listing a minimum of five possible research resources you could use within your Research Essay on Classic Film.
At least ONE research resource must come from an SPC Library Online Database.
Use correct MLA formatting according to the assignment directions provided by your instructor.
Arrange your list of resources in alphabetical order.
Title the page, include the Working Bibliography, and include the title of the film.
It is acceptable if you decide to change or add to this list later.

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Workplace Diversity

Workplace Diversity

Workplace Diversity

Enhancing workplace diversity is about creating a workplace environment that enables all employees to exploit their full potential. The global nature of today’s business means that people from different cultural backgrounds work in the same organization. Diversity also manifests in employees’ personalities. Organizations should accept and support employees’ diversity to enable them to achieve collective organizational goals. Embracing workplace diversity helps the organization boost its reputation and brings tangible benefits by improving its bottom line.

Question #1: What challenges the Company would Face if Felix was Hired

Communication Challenges

Having communication problems among global teams is a common phenomenon. These challenges can range from language barriers, differences in communication styles and preferences, and even having some team members with hearing loss (MacDonald, 2017). Identifying and looking for strategies to deal with such issues is essential in creating harmony among global teams.

One of the communication challenges in integrating Felix into this diverse workforce is his seemingly confrontational stare. One of the female employees complains that Felix gives an intimidating look, which is a sign of contempt. She makes it clear that she finds it uncomfortable working around such employees. Another employee also complains that he will have difficulty working with Felix due to his demeaning character. At some point, Felix stated that he did not expect that he would have to work with one of the senior employees at the new workplace. The problem may result from generational differences, but working with him will be a problem.

Another evident communication challenge likely to unfold at Felix’s new workplace will arise from different attitudes towards hierarchy. The top organizational leadership, including the CEO, is treated differently in a multicultural environment. Some cultures are hierarchical, such that all communication follows a top-down communication structure. However, in some cultures, communication is horizontal without a particular rank consideration.

Another communication challenge likely to arise from Felix’s integration into the new workplace relates to fluency and accent issues. The language barrier is an obvious problem among multicultural teams. In most workplace environments, English is the conventional language. However, non-native speakers struggle to communicate in English (MacDonald, 2017). At times, even subject matter owners give up the opportunity to present ideas to a team because they fear they will not pass the message across successfully. Subsequently, this often leads to disengagement, ultimately depriving non-native speakers of the confidence to communicate with their colleagues.

Cultural Misunderstandings

Apart from communication issues, cultural misunderstanding is also likely to arise. For instance, expressing oneself by raising the thumb, patting a colleague on the back, or greeting a colleague with a left hand may be offensive depending on one’s cultural affiliation (Sapling, 2021). Therefore, this calls for intensive training before an employee is hired by the organization (Farnswort, 2020). Training will help employees understand the source of such uncomfortable situations in case they occur. In addition, it helps employees understand one another’s culture and avoid such situations in the future.

Question #2: My Stand on Hiring Felix

I would hire Felix into the company if I were the one to make the decision. Having a diverse pool of employees is vital for various reasons. One of the immediate benefits of diverse teams is the innovation and creative prospects they bring into the organization (Stahl, 2021). People from different cultures have different life experiences and, hence are likely to bring innovative prospects into the organization. Besides, people from different cultures bring unbiased solutions to problems without their cultural voice.

Hiring Felix will also bolster the internal decision-making processes. Research shows that diverse teams are 87% more likely to make better decisions compared to non-diverse teams (Stahl, 2021). Like teams are better than individuals in decision-making, so are diverse teams. Diverse teams provide the much-needed objective approach to problem-solving. In the process, a diverse team will overcome the hard-wired cultural biases that impede decision-making among non-diverse teams (Lyons, 2019). Besides, diverse teams are better positioned to serve a diverse customer base. An organization’s employee pool should reflect the customer base to understand their needs better.

The decision to hire Felix is also intended to improve the company’s reputation. When businesses embrace diversity, they are viewed as more socially responsible and relatable by other people. Such diversity will enable the company to build its brand reputation and, in turn, attract more customers, partners, and markets. Currently, even employees look at the reputation of their prospective workplaces before joining these companies (Lyons, 2019). Notably, 17% of employees aver that the diversity displayed by an organization during the hiring process is crucial in helping employees to develop a positive work spirit from the word go. Besides, top performers are more likely to approach a company that is more accepting of a diverse pool of employees. Therefore, hiring Felix will cement the company’s reputation as a diverse workplace, attracting even more productive employees in the future.

Conclusion

In summary, workplace diversity is unavoidable in today’s business environment. People from different cultural backgrounds are forming diverse teams due to the growing number of multinational corporations. Nonetheless, managing a diverse workforce comes with its challenges, including language barriers, cultural differences, and differences in communication styles. However, the benefits of having a multicultural team are more than the costs that accompany such teams. Workplace diversity spurs decision-making and facilitates creativity and decision-making.

References

Farnsworth, D. (2020). HR022/HR022: Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools. Edis.ifas.ufl.edu. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/HR022

Lyons, S. (2019). Council Post: The Benefits Of Creating A Diverse Workforce. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2019/09/09/the-benefits-of-creating-a-diverse-workforce/

MacDonald, G. (2017). Strengths and Challenges of Diversity. AAG Newsletter. https://doi.org/10.14433/2017.0001

Sapling. (2021). Sapling – Top Challenges of Diversity in the Workplace—And How to Address Them. Www.saplinghr.com. https://www.saplinghr.com/blog/top-challenges-of-diversity-in-the-workplace-and-how-to-address-them

Stahl, A. (2021). 3 Benefits Of Diversity In The Workplace. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleystahl/2021/12/17/3-benefits-of-diversity-in-the-workplace/?sh=dbb3b3a22ed2

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Question 


Unit 1 Assignment
Attached Files:
File HRM305 Unit 1 Assignment and Rubric.doc HRM305 Unit 1 Assignment and Rubric.doc – Alternative Formats (46.5 KB)
Due midnight Sunday

Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity

Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity

For our first assignment, we will focus on two key course concepts. You will begin to recognize the need to develop work environments that appropriately value, support and engage all employees. Furthermore, you will also being to identify challenges associated with workplace diversity.
Watch the video, “What Would You Do?” and be prepared to answer the questions in the attached assignment description.
Refer to the attached document for full details and grading rubric.

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REFLECTION ON POEMS

REFLECTION ON POEMS

REFLECTION ON POEMS

With the poem, I myself was my route by Julia de Burgos, how do you identify yourself in terms of the theme that is developed? EXPLAIN

The theme that develops in Yo Misma Fui Mi Ruta rises up against patriarchy. I identify as an advocate for the enlightenment of women in society to overcome beliefs and practices that require women to present a specific image for men to like them. I believe that every woman should be free to live as she wants as long as her behavior is within moral values. I also identify as a strong advocate against patriarchy, primarily due to its practices of putting women down and expecting them to maintain specific standards to be acceptable.

Select a poem from the book Afrofeminismo by Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro. How do you explore the feminine and Afro-descendant theme in the poem you selected? EXPLAIN

The author of the poem, patriarchy falls, emphasizes the fall of racism, machismo and patriarchy (Pizarro, 2020). The author’s tone mobilizes the reader to fight against patriarchy, machismo, and machismo. The poem explores the female theme by mentioning machismo and emphasizing that she will fall. Machismo is a common female theme because it controls feminist ideas. For example, women have come together in most societies to fight oppression caused by ancient beliefs and behaviors that support the idea that a man should control a woman. This demonstrates the connection between machismo and the feminine issue. The feminine theme is also explored in the mention of machismo and the emphasis on what it should fall on. Machismo affects women because they are subjected to oppression and intimidation by men who think highly of themselves. This creates the need to develop strong feminist ideologies to encourage women to defend themselves and fight against machismo to create a better society. The poem also explores the issue of people of African descent, mentioning the fear of racism. Racism is one of the problems that people of African descent face. Therefore, emphasizing that racism is decreasing indicates liberation against the oppression of people of a specific race.

References

Pizarro, Y. A. (2020). Afrofeminist .

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Question 


Answer:

1. With the poem I myself was my route from Julia de Burgos, how do you identify yourself in terms of the theme it develops? EXPLAIN YOURSELF

2. B. Select a poem from the book Afrofeministamente by Yolanda Arroyo Pizarrro

REFLECTION ON POEMS

REFLECTION ON POEMS

Answer:

How does the poem you selected explore the female and Afro-descendant theme? EXPLAIN YOURSELF

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REFLEXIÓN SOBRE POEMAS

REFLEXIÓN SOBRE POEMAS

REFLEXIÓN SOBRE POEMAS

Con el poema, yo mismo fui mi ruta de Julia de Burgos, ¿cómo te identificas en cuanto al tema que se desarrolla? EXPLICAR

El tema que se desarrolla en Yo Misma Fui Mi Ruta se alza contra el patriarcado. Me identifico como una defensora de la ilustración de las mujeres en la sociedad para superar creencias y prácticas que requieren que las mujeres presenten una imagen específica para que a los hombres les gusten. Creo que toda mujer debe ser libre de vivir como quiera mientras su conducta esté dentro de los valores morales. También me identifico como un fuerte defensor contra el patriarcado, principalmente debido a sus prácticas de menospreciar a las mujeres y esperar que mantengan estándares específicos para ser aceptables.

Selecciona un poema del libro Afrofeminismo de Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro¿Cómo exploras el tema femenino y afrodescendiente en el poema que seleccionaste? EXPLICAR

El autor del poema, el patriarcado se cae, enfatiza la caída del racismo, el machismo y el patriarcado (Pizarro, 2020). El tono del autor moviliza al lector para luchar contra el patriarcado, el machismo y el machismo. El poema explora el tema femenino mencionando el machismo y enfatizando que caerá. El machismo es un tema femenino común porque controla las ideas feministas. Por ejemplo, las mujeres se han unido en la mayoría de las sociedades para luchar contra la opresión causada por creencias y comportamientos ancestrales que apoyan la idea de que un hombre debe controlar a una mujer. Esto demuestra la conexión entre el machismo y el tema femenino. El tema femenino también se explora en la mención del machismo y el énfasis en que debe caer. El machismo afecta a las mujeres porque son sometidas a la opresión y la intimidación por parte de hombres que piensan muy bien de sí mismos. Esto crea la necesidad de desarrollar fuertes ideologías feministas para animar a las mujeres a defenderse y luchar contra el machismo para crear una sociedad mejor. El poema también explora el tema de los afrodescendientes mencionando el miedo al racismo. El racismo es uno de los problemas que enfrentan los afrodescendientes. Por lo tanto, hacer hincapié en que el racismo está disminuyendo indica liberación contra la opresión de personas de una raza específica.

References

Pizarro, Y. A. (2020). Afrofeministamente.

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Question 


Contesta:

1. Con el poema yo misma fui mi ruta de Julia de Burgos, como te identificas en cuanto al tema que desarrolla? EXPLÍCATE
2. B. Selecciona un poema del libro Afrofeministamente de Yolanda Arroyo Pizarrro

REFLEXIÓN SOBRE POEMAS

REFLEXIÓN SOBRE POEMAS

Contesta:

¿Cómo explora el tema femenino y afrodescendiente en el poema que seleccionaste? EXPLÍCATE

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My Writing Journey

My Writing Journey

My Writing Journey

This course has been essential in developing my writing skills. When starting the course, I was excited about learning new things that I could use to improve my writing skills. However, I have encountered various challenges that may have slowed my progress toward becoming a good writer. My main challenge was writing the essays in English. I am an international student from Brazil, so I had to use a translator to help me write my essays from Portuguese to English. My second challenge was time management. I spent a lot of time on my essays because I had to proofread them after translating them to ensure that my ideas were presented the way I wanted. Nonetheless, these challenges have been essential in my writing progress. For example, proofreading the essays helped me improve my English by enabling me to learn new words and phrases. The course also helped me develop my critical thinking skills because the essays required thinking critically to present a reasonable argument. However, my writing progress has not yet met my expectations and desires because I still need to learn how to develop a good analytical essay.

Although I have a general idea of what a good analytical essay should contain, I do not have the analytical skills required to create an essay that meets the standards of a good analytical essay. Throughout the course, I relied on the assignment instructions to develop a good essay and the online guidelines for writing an analytical essay. For instance, my main focus was ensuring that my essay had an introduction containing a hook, a discussion topic, and a thesis statement. However, developing a thesis statement was difficult, and I relied on essay samples to understand what a thesis statement should entail. I also ensured that all paragraphs in the body section had a topic and a closing sentence. I concluded my essays with a conclusion summarizing the main ideas discussed in the body section. Although these are the basic characteristics of a good analytical essay, my essays are not yet to the standard of an excellent analytical essay because I had a challenge applying critical thinking and communicating clearly in English.

The main analytical skills I should develop to become a good writer are logical reasoning, communication and critical thinking. I need to learn how to apply critical thinking and logical reasoning when writing an essay. I also need to learn how to gather relevant information to support my arguments when writing an essay and how to evaluate it effectively. I also need to learn English so that I can stop using a translator when writing my essays and be able to clearly communicate my point when writing an essay. Accordingly, I can use my interaction with others to improve my English and take a short English course to supplement what I learned when studying English for four years after moving to the United States. In addition, learning logical reasoning will require regular practice by writing argumentative essays and analyzing case studies. I look forward to assessing these skills’ development after two months to determine my progress.

In conclusion, this course has been a great experience for me; the assignments have been essential in helping me advance my English by helping me learn new phrases and terms. However, it has not been an easy journey for me because I do not have English proficiency, and I managed to complete all essays in Portuguese and translate them into English. The course has also made me realize my weaknesses, including a lack of basic analytical skills such as logical reasoning, critical thinking, and communication. I am looking forward to improving these skills through practice. The course has also motivated me to improve my English and to express my ideas clearly in English without using a translator. Improving my English proficiency is crucial because I will have to complete more assignments in English in school and work reports. I will use the essays completed in this course and the reading materials as a foundation for improving my English. Reading them will help me understand sentence construction and maintain a proper flow of ideas in my essays. Overall, my focus will be on improving logical reasoning, communication and critical thinking.

My two favourite readings:

My two least favourite readings:

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Question 


ENC 1102 Final Reflective Essay
Essay Requirements and Directions: 700 words minimum/reflective writing in
your own words. This will be a four-paragraph essay.
1. Provide an introduction which leads to your thesis, two body paragraphs, and
a concluding paragraph.

My Writing Journey

My Writing Journey

2. Point of View: First-person voice is acceptable. Do not use the second person,
“you”.
3. In the reflective essay, you need to consider and reflect on all the writing
you have done for this course:
Discussion Boards and Essays
4. Look at all of your writings in this course, particularly the processes and
methods you used to create, draft, and revise your essays. Analyze your
learning process. Do not simply summarize your semester.
5. In this essay, you will reflect upon all of your writing techniques, learning
processes, and analytical skills.
6. This essay is your opportunity to think about, discover and describe your
own writing process, the finished product, and your progress as a writer so
far during the course.
7. What have you learned about your analytical writing?
8. No citations will be required.
9. Essay heading will still be required (see syllabus).
10. Consider the following questions as you begin to think about your essay:
? What do you still need to learn about writing?
? What new approaches to writing have you discovered?
? Describe your progress through one writing assignment (name which one).
What steps do you normally take? What steps will you continue to use
outside of this course?
? Of course, you do not have to answer all these questions in this essay. Focus
on any one or two of the questions.
***10% of this essay grade:
At the bottom of your writing, list your two favourite readings (specific short story,
play, or poem) and two of your least favourite. You do not need to explain your
choices. This section does not count in the overall word count.
Favourite:
Least favorite:

 

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Considering Repatriation

Considering Repatriation

Considering Repatriation

Museums play a vital role in preserving history and enabling people to view historical objects to understand the origins of various beliefs and cultures. According to Kleiner (2015), museums also allow visitors to react to what they see and interpret art based on their experiences to determine its failure and success. In this regard, museums have responsibilities to the cultures of origin and to rectify the past’s misdeeds. The first responsibility is educating people on the cultures of origin based on facts about the culture. Museums are responsible for ensuring that individuals are conversant with the cultures of origin and can educate visitors on the culture’s values and beliefs. Another responsibility is displaying alternative views of history. According to Brown (2016), museums are responsible for communicating historical timelines and views that visitors may not have heard before to alter the mindset of people who have never been educated about the history of a culture outside mainstream history books and courses. Helping people understand the facts about historical events, why events occurred as they did, and the positive impacts of the events are essential in rectifying the misdeeds of the past.

Further, museums are responsible for preserving historical objects in their historic form. For example, they should not tamper with the design and state of the objects. Another responsibility to the objects is providing safe custody to avoid theft and taking care of them to prevent damage (P??ek et al., 2021). Another responsibility is ensuring that the objects are displayed in areas where visitors can easily view them. The objects should also be labeled appropriately to help visitors understand what they are observing.

The best way to satisfy both responsibilities is to work with the local community members who understand the cultures of origins and the importance of the historical objects so that they can stay committed to caring for the objects. For example, museums may assign the responsibility to take care of historical objects, explain the cultures of origin, and educate visitors about the objects to people from that culture. According to Moustaira (2011), cultural objects represent cultural identity. Therefore, individuals may be committed to preserving their cultural objects to preserve their cultural identity.

References

Brown, R. (2016). The Importance of Museums Preserving Local Culture. NJ MARITIME MUSEUM. https://njmaritimemuseum.org/the-importance-of-museums-preserving-local-culture/#:~:text=Museums%20play%20a%20crucial%20role,those%20from%20different%20cultural%20backgrounds.

Kleiner, F. S. (2015). Gardner’s art through the ages, book F: Non-western art since 1300. Cengage Learning.

Moustaira, E. (2011). Cultural objects and identity. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3154444.

P??ek, M. J., Ochrana, F., & Pla?ek, M. (2021). The modern Museum: Its role, function, and social mission. Arts, Research, Innovation and Society, 17-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82028-2_2.

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Considering Repatriation

Considering Repatriation

Discussion Board Statement: These discussions are meant for you to jot down your thoughts and analyses of the works of the week. In art, everything is evaluated by your perspective. There is no right or wrong answer to be graded against; instead, you will be graded on how you defend your analysis of the art pieces and the use of the resources (when appropriate).
This week, you have learned about Cambodia’s efforts to return stolen artifacts. The issue of museum repatriation is not exclusive to Cambodia. The so-called “Elgin Marbles,” which famously adorned the Ancient Greek Parthenon, are currently located in the British Museum, despite Greece’s efforts to repatriate the sculptures. Bronze and ivory sculptures violently looted from Africa in times of war remain in European and American museums. As archaeological standards evolve over time, this issue will be continually addressed and re-addressed.
Let us explore your thoughts on museum repatriation.
What responsibilities do the museums have to the cultures of origin and to rectify the misdeeds of the past?
What responsibilities do they have to the objects themselves?
What is the best way to satisfy both?
Remember, there is no right or wrong answer. Explain your reasoning and use a specific example of art to support your idea. Read your classmates’ responses with an open mind, and remember to be respectful in your discourse.

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Christian Eschatology

Christian Eschatology

Christian Eschatology

Christian eschatology is a study that forms a significant part of Christianity and deals with what will happen at the end of times (Wilkinson, 2010). Eschatology comes from the two Greek words (???????) and (-?????), which mean ‘last’ and ‘study,’ respectively; hence, it is the study of end-things, whether the end of the world, age, or nature of the God’s Kingdom on earth. In broader terms, the study deals with an individual’s soul’s ultimate destiny and the whole order of creation based on the New and Old Testament texts. Further, the study discusses matters such as the second coming of Jesus Christ, millennialism, tribulation, rapture, resurrection of the dead, Heaven, hell, afterlife, and death (Wilkinson, 2010). Several Bible passages point to eschatology; these will be used in this paper to discuss eschatology in reference to the second advent of Jesus Christ.

The Kingdom of God is Present Yet Not Fully Consummated

In the original creation by God, mankind did not know any evil. However, with the fall of Adam and Eve, God said that man had gained knowledge of what was good and evil (Genesis 3:7). The teaching ministry of Jesus aimed at defeating this knowledge and restoring instead the knowledge of God to man. Redemption became inevitable because of the evil that man had when he accessed knowledge over and started practicing the same. Jesus Christ came as the atonement price for man and to restore him to God. When Christ arose from the dead, He conclusively defeated the devil and purified man from sin, reconciled man to God, and gave man the power to overcome sin and the devil.

Paul states that the resurrection of Christ is the first victory for a man who gained eternal life; “Death has been swallowed up in victory. Thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through the Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Corinthians 15:54-57). The first Adam’s disobedience separated man from God and brought death. The last Adam who is Jesus, restored the Kingdom of God when he obeyed God even unto death; “[He] became obedient to the point of death—even death on a cross” (Philippians 2:8). Through Christ, Redemption was made possible both for man and the earth as well.

The presence on earth of the Kingdom of God occurred when Jesus came to earth. This is supported by the statement that Jesus made in Mathew 12:28 when the Pharisees accused Him of casting out the demons using satanic powers. In verse 28 of the text, Jesus told the Pharisees, ‘If it is by the power of the Spirit of God that I cast out demons, then the Kingdom of God has come upon you.’ Jesus proceeded to battle with the devil through the Spirit of God and plundered the strongman’s house (verse 29), freeing those who were in bondage, thus demonstrating that the Kingdom of God is at work and that it is in the present. Further, in Luke 17:20-21Jesus indicated that His coming on earth was the coming of the Kingdom of God ‘Being asked by the Pharisees when the Kingdom was coming, He answered them, ”The Kingdom of God is not coming with signs to be observed; nor will they say, ‘Lo, here it is!’ or ‘There! For behold, the Kingdom of God is in the midst of you.”’

The Old Testament paints the eschaton as when the Messiah will end the age of death and sin, and He will reign in David’s throne forever in Jerusalem. His reign will last forever, ensure righteousness and perfect justice, secure world peace, and renew creation(Otto, 2009). The New Testament identifies Jesus as the Messiah; however, it states that the greatest blessing of the eschatology prophesied by the Old Testament will only be fulfilled at the Kingdom of God’s consummation. These include the creation of a new earth and Heaven, the destruction of the creation, the last judgment, and the dead being resurrected. The new creation will live forever, and suffering and death will end (1 Corinthians 15:52-54 and 2 Peter 3:10, 13). Peter adds that the current creation will be purged of sin by fire to make way for a new earth and Heaven. In the writings of Revelations, John describes God’s eschatological Kingdom of a new Heaven and earth, with the capital city being the New Jerusalem (Revelations 21:1-4). In conclusion, though man continues to suffer from the consequences of sin, he can be confident of a new earth and new Heaven at the consummation of God’s Kingdom.

How the Final Restoration Shapes the Present Kingdom-Work of Christians

The Bible’s recording of man’s life can be categorized into four main stages: The Creation of the World, the Fall of Man, the Redemption of man through the death of Jesus, and the Restoration of Man. These summarize the redemption story which the church has truncated to the Fall of man and Redemption of Man (Robins, 2011). Consequently, man does not know his purpose on earth and where he will go when the redemptive story ends.

Man currently lives and works within the Redemption stage while looking forward to and also working to reach the fourth stage of Restoration. This perception allows man to understand that his time on earth is not a simple waiting period; instead, man lives in a Kingdom that is already here but one that has not yet reached its conclusion. God loves His creation and His purpose is to restore it to a new earth and a new Heaven. The point of Christianity is not going to Heaven but instead through the third stage of Redemption, to work in favour of the Lord and give others a glimpse of how things ought to be (Bright, 2010). Christians foreshadow the ultimate restoration work of God when all things will be made better and new by Him.

Christians can impact the world before the second coming of Jesus Christ but without being impacted in return by it (Webber, 2009). Christians are not called to be cultural isolationists or political islands, nor are they called to be ingrained in the world in which they live. Christians can accomplish this successfully by being spiritually set apart through submission and allegiance to God’s word. By being anchored to the Word of God, there is no room for fear of manipulation by cultural influences or political power (Webber, 2009). Christianity has, over the decades (and can continue to do the same in the decades to come), contributed to intellectual freedom and physical environment control. It can also continue to allay the ills of famine and disease and emancipate people from addictions to vice and from chattel slavery. It has lessened the horrific impact of war and increased relations between nations and men based on peace and justice (Kim, 2017). Through such actions that impact the world, humankind can see through the works of the church the redemptive nature of Christ’s compassion and mercy and steer mankind’s focus on a new future hope.

In conclusion, Christians’ current state on earth is that of a redemptive nature that is yet to be completed in the final restoration of a new earth and new Heaven. Christians need to bring the world to the knowledge of Christ’s redemptive work and to a greater hope. The current life of suffering as a consequence of sin and the finality of physical death should not be viewed as a reason to grieve but instead as a propulsion for Christians to propagate the message of the gift of salvation, that is, the Gospel.

References

Bright, J. (2010). The kingdom of God. Abingdon Press.

Kim, D. H. (2017). Training Churches in Faith and Work Discipleship. Training.

Otto, R. (2009). The Kingdom of God and the Son of Man: a Study in the History of Religion. Wipf and Stock Publishers.

Robinson, J. A. (2011). In the End, God…: A Study of the Christian Doctrine of the Last Things. Wipf and Stock Publishers.

Webber, R. E. (2009). Who Gets to Narrate the World?: Contending for the Christian Story in an Age of Rivals. InterVarsity Press.

Wilkinson, D. (2010). Christian Eschatology and the physical universe. Bloomsbury Publishing.

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Question 


Christian Eschatology

In 1,000-1,200 words, explain the nature of Christian hope as based on Christ’s establishment of the kingdom of heaven on earth and oriented toward the coming of heaven to earth in the eschaton. Include the following:

Christian Eschatology

Christian Eschatology

Explain the way in which the kingdom of God is present and yet not fully consummated. Include the ways in which the final state is a restoration of creation.

Analyze how the final restoration shapes the present kingdom-work of Christians. Include the implication of how Christians can impact the world before Christ’s second advent.

Use three to five academic resources (preferably from the GCU Library) including the Bible and course material to support your explanations.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs in early childhood and is evidenced by disturbances in social functions. Key altered parameters include communication, learning and behavior, preferences, and routine activities. The disorder is considered developmental because the onset of its signs and symptoms is usually in early childhood. However, the diagnosis of the disease can happen at any age. This research paper describes Autism spectrum disorder. It addresses various aspects of the disease: the category and characteristics, the effects on learning, the impact on an individual and society, and a comparison with other disabilities.

Disability Category Characteristics

            Studies indicate that the incidence of autism spectrum disorder has increased over the past years. Data obtained in 2018 revealed that the incidence of the infection had risen by 0.4% to 2.3% over two years in the United States of America (USA) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Approximately 1 out of forty-four children were diagnosed with the disorder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Furthermore, these estimates reveal that more than 1 million children aged between 3 and 17 years have the disorder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Global data shows that approximately 14 in 10,000 people have been diagnosed with ASD (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). The disorder is independent of race, ethnicity, and socio-demographic characteristics. Its prevalence in males is approximately four-fold compared to females.

The disorder diagnosis is based on the child’s behavioral history and development. The child’s development is monitored to determine whether they fulfill standard milestones that the general population attains by that age (AlSalehi & Alhifthy, 2020). The milestone checklist covers behavior, mobility, speech, and the ability to learn and socialize (Jackson et al., 2019). Resources that can help accomplish this include the CDC’s Milestone Tracker app and other checklists evaluating the milestones (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Screening of the child’s development and behavior occurs at specific intervals: 9, 18, and 36 months (Lord et al., 2020). A criterion similar to developmental monitoring is used in screening. Questionnaires and checklists compare the child’s performance with their peers. Comparison is made concerning speech or language, mobility, thought, learning, and behavior. Accordingly, this helps assess the child and provide preliminary information on their development.

A definitive diagnosis is based on the findings during the monitoring and screening. Subsequently, this can be achieved by incorporating various techniques to rule out other disorders. Electroencephalography and polysomnography can rule out seizures and disturbances in sleep (Lord et al., 2020). Psychophysiological evaluation can detect auditory, respiratory, and sensory changes in people with ASD (AlSalehi & Alhifthy, 2020). Genetic testing to identify Fragile X is necessary for children demonstrating intellectual impairment.

The etiology of the disorder is multifaceted. Factors implicated include genetics, infections, the environment, and obstetrics (Jackson et al., 2019). Having a first-degree relative with the disorder or possessing fragile X syndrome increases the likelihood of the disease (Lord et al., 2020). Obstetric complications: mothers aged above forty years and fathers aged above fifty years are at risk, increasing the likelihood of ASD. Furthermore, infections such as rubella and tuberous sclerosis have been identified as risk factors for the disorder (AlSalehi & Alhifthy, 2020). Therefore, various aspects should be evaluated when determining the etiology of ASD.

ASD has physical, medical, social, and behavioral implications. Children are unable to utilize verbal and nonverbal cues of communication. Furthermore, they cannot use protodeclarative pointing (Jackson et al., 2019). Children with ASD experience difficulties establishing social relationships with friends. They are likely to focus on abnormal inanimate objects. They are likely to be isolated due to the inability to develop sound social relationships (Factor et al., 2019). Furthermore, an inappropriately high threshold for pain has been reported, and children with the disorders sustain serious injuries. ASD predisposes individuals to infections due to defective immunological function.

The Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA) defines autism as a disorder that impairs verbal and nonverbal communication cues and the ability to socialize (Individuals with Disability Education Act, n.d.). Essentially, this occurs in children older than three years old and is accompanied by other manifestations such as repetitive movements and impaired sensation (Individuals with Disability Education Act, n.d.). According to the Individuals with Disability Education Act (n.d.), ASD is not defined as an emotional disturbance that significantly affects a child’s academic performance. Furthermore, any child who develops the signs and symptoms of autism after three years is considered to have ASD if the manifestations are consistent with those defined by IDEA.

IDEA stipulates that the State should ensure that children with autism access free and appropriate public education that addresses their holistic requirements. Furthermore, children with autism should be able to interact with other children without autism and enjoy the same curriculum as the general population (Individuals with Disability Education Act, n.d.). This aspect of inclusivity is called the least restrictive environment. IDEA advocates for prompt intervention programs that improve the child’s communication. The child is entitled to individualized programs (Individuals with Disability Education Act, n.d.). In addition, the child has a right to extended school-year services. These services minimize a regression in the child’s abilities.

Learning Needs

ASD affects different aspects of learning. Children with this disorder have difficulties developing verbal and non-verbal communication cues, socializing, and understanding their peers and the environment (Paskins, 2018). As a result, this can negatively impact the child’s learning process. Verbal and non-verbal communication is essential in learning a language and expressing feelings (Paskins, 2018). Diminished development of this aspect impairs the exchange of information: the child’s specific need may not be identified promptly due to impaired communication.

Socializing is vital in the process of learning. It enables the child to learn from their peers and helps them make new friends. Poor social interaction limits the exchange of information and hinders the learning process (Paskins, 2018). Creative play allows a faster, better understanding of theoretical concepts. Impairment of this aspect disrupts the efficiency of the learning process (Paskins, 2018). Disturbances with sensory perception hinder the ability of children to adapt to conditions such as noisy classrooms, touch, and proper eye contact (AlSalehi & Alhifthy, 2020). Therefore, the child is most likely to dislike the school environment. These children do not achieve learning objectives, and instructors fail to fulfill their educational needs.

Instructors can apply various strategies to benefit children with ASD. A relaxed environment without overstimulation should be embraced when teaching the learners (Van Der Steen et al., 2020). Furthermore, instructors should avoid using high intonations when teaching. Ideally, this minimizes the possibility of agitation or confusion among children with ASD. A specific routine should be used to allow easy adaptation to the schedule (Van Der Steen et al., 2020). Instructors should minimize or avoid physical contact. Sensory perception in ASD children is disturbed, and physical touch can be interpreted exaggeratedly. Regular face-to-face interactions can be tailored to ensure that their social skills are improved. In addition, relevant aspects such as pictorials can be used based on the learner’s needs.

Learning needs should embrace the various provisions of IDEA. Free and Appropriate Public Education should be provided. Education that fulfills the child’s holistic needs should be available (Autism Speaks, n.d.). Extended School Year Services should be provided for all children with ASD in whom skill regression is likely to occur. Accordingly, this can be provided at home during breaks from regular school work. The Least Restrictive Environment that allows the child to engage with non-autistic children and enjoy the curriculum used by the general population should be adopted (Autism Speaks, n.d.). According to Autism Speaks (n.d.), an Individualized Education Program that addresses the child’s uniqueness should be embraced. Essentially, this ensures that the child’s school needs are achieved.

Autistic learners can benefit from various accommodations. These include relaxed environments, pictorials, printed illustrations, exercise breaks, and school aides (Jackson et al., 2019). They can also benefit from earplugs that minimize background noise and particular retreat areas that lack sensory stimulators (Paskins, 2018). Autistic learners can receive special services provided by the school district. These services focus on the individualized education program and address students’ needs. These include access to technological advances such as assisted technology (Paskins, 2018). The program capitalizes on the student’s strengths, acknowledges their weaknesses, and aims at fulfilling established goals.

Teachers should develop various skills to enable them to work with autistic children. Such skills include patience, empathy, adaptability, creativity, and attentiveness (Van Der Steen et al., 2020). Furthermore, they should be knowledgeable about ASD. Accordingly, this can be achieved by developing curiosity that triggers a deeper understanding of the disorder. The family and society should adopt various strategies when dealing with autistic children. They should create a routine and ensure consistency (Factor et al., 2019). Furthermore, they should reward positive behavior and ensure they are actively involved in the child’s academic work (Crowell et al., 2019). They should collaborate with teachers to ensure that specified objectives are achieved.

Lifespan Issues

            ASD affects the developmental process of the child. The child fails to achieve typical verbal and nonverbal communication cues. As a result, this impairs their interaction with their peers and can cause isolation. Autistic children have poor social skills and are unable to understand their peers’ feelings (Jackson et al., 2019). Sensory disturbances negatively impact the normal learning process. In addition, these disturbances predispose the children to self-inflicted injuries (Lord et al., 2020). Autistic children fail to participate in community engagements due to poor social connections. A supportive community can increase the child’s involvement in community engagements. According to Jackson et al. (2019), supportiveness can be created by advocating for direct communication with autistic children and recognizing the importance of accommodating environments.

            Autistic learners face challenges after post-secondary education. Studies reveal that they are more likely to be unemployed than the general population (Jackson et al., 2019). This issue of unemployment is worse for autistic individuals from low-income families and those with significant functional disturbances. Strategies that ensure a smooth post-secondary transition are desirable to ensure their well-being. In addition to post-secondary issues, individuals with autism have poor social relationships (Jackson et al., 2019). Their inability to correctly interpret other people’s feelings makes them respond inappropriately. Consequently, this severs the connections they try to establish.

Moreover, ASD can impact the family negatively. The family will likely incur extra expenses to cater to the child’s medical needs (Factor et al., 2019). This is because they are more predisposed to infections than the general population. Parents and siblings are likely to have emotional and mental health disturbances, such as anxiety (Crowell et al., 2019). This is because they are always worried about the well-being of their children. Family ties are most likely to be disrupted. Parents have the feeling of loss of control over the condition. Other family dynamics can be affected by addressing the needs of all children. Parents are likely to focus on an autistic child and ignore other children (Paskins, 2018). Ultimately, this creates a bad relationship among siblings. Families need to advocate for the availability of appropriate education services and individualized programs. Essentially, this will ensure that the educational needs of autistic children are fulfilled.

Autism requires individuals to develop essential skills. These include adaptability, patience, curiosity, empathy, and knowledge (Van Der Steen et al., 2020). The general population should demonstrate interest and better understand ASD to deal with autistic individuals. Furthermore, they should encourage and reward good behavior rather than condemn bad behavior. Ultimately, this creates positive reinforcement and makes autistic individuals adopt desirable characteristics.

Similarities and Differences to Other Disabilities

ASD differs from other disabilities, such as orthopedic impairment. ASD has a higher prevalence than orthopedic impairment. Data indicates that orthopedic impairment accounts for approximately 1% of students classified in special education (Orthopedic Impairment, n.d.). Statistically, this is lower compared to the 2.3% prevalence of ASD. Orthopedic impairment can be subdivided into musculoskeletal, degenerative, and neuromotor (Orthopedic Impairment, n.d.). This is unlike ASD, which mainly focuses on verbal and nonverbal communication cues, the ability to socialize, behavior, and thoughts of the child.

The criteria for categorizing students differ. For orthopedic impairment, two options are feasible. The first option requires documentation of physical impairment diagnosed medically (Orthopedic Impairment, n.d.). It is also dependent on the learner’s factors. The second option requires a diagnosis from a medical doctor and an assessment of the learner’s motor function (Orthopedic Impairment, n.d.). For ASD, the exclusion criteria are emotional disturbances that significantly affect a child’s academic performance (AlSalehi & Alhifthy, 2020). Individuals who meet IDEA’s definition are included. Both disabilities enjoy similar provisions for school placement under IDEA.

Accommodations for individuals with orthopedic impairment differ from those with ASD. The school’s surroundings should be modified to minimize incidences of injuries (Orthopedic Impairment, n.d.). Furthermore, modifications should ensure easy access to services such as lifts or ramps (Orthopedic Impairment, n.d.). Moreover, alterations in the execution of tasks can benefit individuals with orthopedic impairment. Lastly, intensive physical exercise should be avoided.

Information Synthesis and Conclusion

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs in early childhood and is evidenced by disturbances in social functions. Key altered parameters include communication, learning and behavior, preferences, and routine activities. The learning needs of this population are greatly affected. A collaborative effort among parents, teachers, and the community is needed to ensure the well-being of children with ASD.

References

AlSalehi, S. M., & Alhifthy, E. H. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Child Neurology, 392(10146), 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43153-6_10

Autism Speaks. (n.d). Your Child’s Rights: Autism and School. https://www.autismspeaks.org/autism-school-your-childs-rights

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html

Crowell, J. A., Keluskar, J., & Gorecki, A. (2019). Parenting behavior and the development of children with autism spectrum disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 90, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.11.007

Factor, R. S., Ollendick, T. H., Cooper, L. D., Dunsmore, J. C., Rea, H. M., & Scarpa, A. (2019). All in the Family: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Caregiver-Administered Autism Spectrum Disorder Interventions on Family Functioning and Relationships. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 22(4), 433–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-019-00297-x

Individuals with Disability Education Act. (n.d.). Individuals with Disability Act. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/regs/b/a/300.8/c/1

Jackson, S.L., Hart, L., Brown, J. T., Volkmar, F. R., Haven, N., Spectrum, A., & Hartford, W. (2019). Disorder. 48(3), 643–650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3315-x.Brief

Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., Jones, E. J. H., Jones, R. M., Pickles, A., State, M. W., Taylor, J. L., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4

Orthopedic Impairment. (n.d.). Chapter 10 – Orthopedic Impairment Definition under IDEA of Orthopedic Impairment. http://aasep.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Protected_Directory/BCSE_Course_Files/Course_5/Chapter-10-Special_Education_Eligibility.pdf

Paskins, R. T. (2018). Supporting Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Post-secondary Education Settings: Common Barriers and Needed Accommodations and Supports. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 125. http://ezproxy.library.dal.ca/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2108687988?accountid=10406%0Ahttp://sfxhosted.exlibrisgroup.com/dal?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+%26+theses&sid=ProQ:ProQu

Van Der Steen, S., Geveke, C. H., Steenbakkers, A. T., & Steenbeek, H. W. (2020). Teaching students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: What are the needs of educational professionals? Teaching and Teacher Education, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103036

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Question 


Demonstrate your knowledge of :
(a) the characteristics, including the etiology of the disability
(b) learning needs of individuals with a disability
(c) lifespan issues related to the disability (including the impact of a disability on the individual and family),
(d) how disability is similar and different to other types of disabilities (e.g., mild, severe, sensory).

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Your paper should address the following areas for the disability category you have selected, and you must include each section in the order it is presented.
• What is its prevalence? Is it a high- or low-incidence disability?
• How is it assessed?
• What is its etiology
• Are physical/medical issues associated with this disability?
• Are there social or behavioral implications associated with this disability?
• What are the requirements related to identification and eligibility for placement for special education services under IDEA – specify the placement process and eligibility characteristics per the IDEA regulation – yes, state the regulation pertinent to the disability and the requirements for admission to special education services.
B. Learning Needs
How does the disability affect learning? For example:
• What areas of learning might be impacted by this disability?
• What teaching strategies might benefit learners with this disability?
• What FAPE, IEP, LRE, etc., considerations are needed?
• What accommodations might students with this disability need?
• Where might a student with this disability receive services? (Think LRE.)
• What skills will teachers need to work with students who have this disability
• What community/family needs and behaviors, etc., are associated with the chosen disability
C. Lifespan Issues (including Impact on Individual and Family)
How does having this disability impact an individual?
• What are early childhood issues that need to be considered?
• What are community issues that need to be considered?
• What post-secondary (after high school – job, college, independent living) factors must be considered?
• What impact does having this disability have on social relationships?
• What is the impact of the disability on the family?
• What daily living skills might be impacted by this disability?
• How does this disability impact family dynamics?
• What information do families need to advocate for their children with disabilities?
D. Similarities and Differences to Other Disabilities
How is this disability similar and different to other disabilities (or other disability areas)? For example:
• Is there a difference in the prevalence of the chosen disabilities?
• What are the differences in possible school placements for students with the selected disabilities?
• What instructional strategies or accommodations/modifications may differ for students with the chosen disabilities?
E. Information Synthesis
What have you learned about learners with disabilities in the course through your assignments and research? What did you learn from completing independent learning activities (IRIS modules, field experiences, and exploratory activities)? Can you show what you learned in the course by integrating what was learned through these experiences with learning from other coursework (lectures, discussions, articles, and textbook readings)?

Subject: Healthcare

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Art Based Centers

Art Based Centers

Art Based Centers

Art-based centers are places learners visit to express their ideas and feelings and be creative. These centers are often attractive and self-contained places where kids participate in inventive and creative events that suit every child. In art centers, every child is a potential artist, as this place promotes a high level of problem-solving and thinking and is rich in vocabulary. The artistic activities in art-based centers nurture intellectual growth, and other benefits include stimulating the brain and increasing the capacity for concentration, attention, and memory. Such centers also help develop reading skills. Kids can do better in science, maths, and even English as it introduces learners to new concepts and vocabulary. While art-based centers consider individual interests, desires, and learning levels, there are special concerns for learners of different age groups.

Part 1: How Arts-Based Centers Nurture Children’s Creative Expression

A modern art-based center primarily focuses on upholding contemporary art. In contrast, a visual art-based center concentrates on visual art, the type of art that can be viewed (Huangchao, 2019). Such art-based centers often improve and increase learners’ creativity because art activities enable learners to grow as creative persons who can solve problems and become original in their imaginations and thoughts. For instance, a child who frequently visits an art center would develop higher imagination and thinking skills from viewing and trying to analyze what the art means and the artist’s intention in designing the art. Therefore, kids who are exposed or introduced to art at early stages, especially in preschool, will manage to apply their inventive skills not only to art alone but also to other disciplines such as sciences or languages (Isenberg & Jalongo, 2006). As a result, when such kids are exposed to art early enough, they face challenges in different curriculum areas. They can often come up with diverse solutions.

In addition, by engaging or participating in different art activities, children get to practice various skills and develop in all areas of growth. Creative art in art-based centers helps children develop socially, physically, emotionally, and cognitively. While engaging in art creation and observation, kids also practice experimentation and imagination as they invent new ways of creating art.

Part 2: Adapting Arts-Based Centers for Different Age Levels (Toddlers to Fourth Graders)

Isenberg and Jalongo (2006) advise that tutors teaching art should consider learners’ age and ensure they arrange them into groups depending on their age levels. Age is vital because children from different age groups interact differently. For instance, the younger kids are often more excited about exploring the materials given to them, so they will paint in a bolder format because they tend to spread the paint in a larger space. Young learners also get more active during playtime, especially when playing with dolls and molding clay. This is contrarily different from older learners because their type of art is more organized and knowledge-based, and they are critically aware of the art they are to create. Hence, their works are often more concrete and rational (Huangchao, 2019). Therefore, the teacher should employ varied techniques and methods when educating children from different age groups in art. For instance, toddlers and fourth graders are at two different levels; thus, it is essential to note the disparities.

The second aspect to consider is materials. Preschool classrooms should have different art materials (Isenberg & Jalongo, 2006). These materials should include types of colors, resources, shapes, and sizes that should be used for fine and gross motor skills. Besides, the teacher should ensure that these materials are often cleaned and sanitized and do not break easily. These materials should also be culturally appropriate for the learners and attractive, especially for toddlers. Preschool classrooms, like toddler classes, should possess different materials for learners to explore and create art. That is because preschool-age kids learn more about creating and using their imagination; therefore, they require varied materials to keep their minds teaching and thinking.

Pre-schoolers also learn about self-awareness; therefore, the tutor placing mirrors next to art materials will assist the children in making self-reflections of what they look like. Kindergarten, like toddlers and pre-schoolers, requires different types of materials to keep learners engaged. For instance, kindergarten learners need materials that inspire them to interact with each other and various games to help them concentrate on teamwork. However, learners from first and second graders can work effectively in groups. Working in groups allows them to think of others before themselves but never get left behind. Therefore, with art, all the group members can express themselves with different colors, pictures, and materials (Halverson, 2021). The third and fourth graders possess everything and require everything stated above, but they should be in a more organized fashion. For instance, the teacher can allow children to arrange art materials by shape, color, or size. However, the teacher should consider adding more complicated materials for learners to explore and learn newer concepts, which enhances creativity and independent thinking (Isenberg & Jalongo, 2006).

Part 3: Techniques for Managing a Center-Based Environment in the Creative Classroom

Numerous methods and techniques are available for teachers to implement to promote and maintain an environment that encourages creative learning among learners. First, the teacher should arrange an inviting physical space within the classroom with a welcoming feeling where children can easily access the materials and tools for creative art (Isenberg & Jalongo, 2006). Such a welcoming and inviting environment will motivate the kids to be creative and freely engage in creative learning activities. In addition, Moula, Palmer & Walshe (2022) affirm that a safe, inviting, and welcoming classroom setting gives learners confidence to continue pursuing self-exploration, development, and growth. Most importantly, it helps learners develop friendships, kindness, and empathy.

Secondly, teachers should remove distractions that might affect the learner’s concentration in the classroom environment. Distractions should be removed because they cause a lack of focus that can overwhelm the teacher and learner and even result in a lack of progress in the lesson’s goals. However, staying focused by eliminating distractions reduces overwhelm and stress and will help improve the learner’s productivity. Creativity does not need distractions because creative minds appear distracted easily (Halverson, 2021). Teachers should also give students enough time to explore and create their work while encouraging risk-taking. Giving learners enough or ample time in a creative class will enable them to fully explore their talents and identify their strengths and weaknesses. Also, Isenberg & Jalongo (2006) note that giving students more time, materials, and space for creative expression reduces pressure, improves their memory, and makes them feel more socially linked to their work and classmates.

Teachers should also have a well-laid-out plan of the activities and the curriculum they expect to cover at the start of the school calendar year (Moula, Palmer & Walshe, 2022). This means the teacher should ensure that these creative classes are timetabled and scheduled to give the students, the teacher, and the institution enough time to prepare for the day. A well-laid-out plan will ensure the day’s activities run smoothly without any challenges, as learners will be prepared mentally for the day and time. In addition, learners will have learned everything about the day and the necessary guidelines for the class, and the day will succeed.

Conclusion

Art-based centers are significant for learners; they help groom different skills, such as imagination, problem-solving, and creativity, because they expose learners to early artistic works, enhancing their brain memory, attention, and thinking. These allow learners to improve vital skills such as problem-solving, which they can use in the future to solve educational and non-educational problems. Besides, teachers can implement different strategies to maintain a center-based environment in a creative classroom. Some ways include ensuring there are no distractions, creating a space within the school that is inviting and welcoming to the learners, giving learners enough time to explore, and having a well-laid-out plan for the day. In addition, a teacher must adopt art-based centers for different age levels. Some factors are the other materials needed and grouping learners based on age. These factors ensure teachers adapt to art-based centers for different age levels, from toddlers to fourth grades.

References

Halverson, E. R. (2021). How the Arts Can Save Education: Transforming Teaching, Learning, and Instruction. Teachers College Press.

Huangchao, C. (2019). Overview of the Evaluation of Children’s Art Education. In Arts-Based Education (pp. 187-224). Brill.

Isenberg, J. P., & Jalongo, M. R. (2006). Creative thinking and arts-based learning: Preschool through fourth grade. Pearson Merrill/Prentice Hall.

Moula, Z., Palmer, K., & Walshe, N. (2022). A Systematic Review of Arts-Based Interventions Delivered to Children and Young People in Nature or Outdoor Spaces: Impact on Nature Connectedness, Health, and Wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology, p. 13.

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Question 


Art Based Centers

Art Based Centers

Part 1: Summarize how art-based centers nurture children’s creative expression.

Part 2: Discuss how teachers must adapt arts-based centers for different age levels, from toddlers to fourth graders.

Part 3: Discuss techniques teachers can use to manage a center-based environment in the creative classroom

Refer back to lesson 7 for support and guidance. Book: Creative Thinking and Art-Based Learning. By JOAN PACKER ISENBERG & MARY RENCK JALONGO

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